ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2025
LL37 promotes angiogenesis: a potential therapeutic strategy for lower limb ischemic diseases.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial Peptides for Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Infections: Current Evidence and Translational Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A degradable hydrogel scaffold incorporating the LL-37 for gingival soft tissue regeneration.Regenerative biomaterials · 2026Article
- Bioactive derivatives of the antimicrobial peptide esculentin-1a promote human dermal fibroblast migration and activate genes involved in early wound healing.BBA advances · 2026Article
- The antimicrobial potential of the secretome from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells in the context of regenerative medicine: anFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Peptides for Skin Wound Healing.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Role of TPD52 in Endometrial Cancer: Impact on EMT and the PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK Signaling.Protein and peptide letters · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Purpose: To study the angiogenic capacity of antimicrobial peptide LL37 (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide), explore its molecular mechanisms, and provide new ideas for treating lower limb ischemic diseases. Methods: LL37 was applied exogenously to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), plate cloning, scratch, and angiogenesis assays. A mouse lower limb ischemia model was established, with LL37 injected intramuscularly on days 0, 4, and 8. Blood flow recovery was evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. Immunofluorescence staining detected cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) expression, while Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining assessed muscle cell morphology. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting analyzed gene and protein expression changes in HUVECs. Results: LL37 enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and pro-angiogenic abilities of HUVECs. It significantly improved blood flow recovery in ischemic limbs, with higher CD31/CD34 expression and more intact muscle morphology. qRT-PCR analysis demonstrated elevated expression of angiogenesis-related genes in LL37-treated HUVECs. Western blotting revealed increased vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression and enhanced phosphorylation levels of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in LL37-treated cells. Conclusion: LL37 promotes angiogenesis via the VEGFA-PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, showing potential for treating lower limb ischemia by improving perfusion.
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