Perspectives of people with diabetes on AI-integrated wearable devices: perceived benefits, barriers, and opportunities for self-management.

Abstract: Wearable devices that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI) have become effective instruments for managing diabetes through real-time monitoring, improved adherence, and increased person with diabetes engagement. Person with diabetes perceptions, adoption barriers, and preferences critically impact the effectiveness and widespread utilisation of these technologies. Aim: The aim of study was to investigate the perceptions of people with diabetes regarding wearable devices, emphasising their perceived advantages, challenges, and potential role in facilitating diabetes self-management. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 418 people with diabetes was conducted, with participants recruited via online platforms and people with diabetes groups. Data were gathered through a structured questionnaire that included Likert-scale items, multiple-choice questions, and open-ended responses. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyse quantitative data, whereas qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis to discern key trends. Results: Participants demonstrated significant awareness of the primary functions of wearable devices, with 83.9% acknowledging their utility in monitoring glucose levels and physical activity. The primary advantages comprised increased adherence to medication regimens (81.9%) and heightened confidence in diabetes management (82.1%). Significant barriers were identified, including data privacy concerns (79.7%), cost issues (77.0%), and usability challenges (75.1%). Thematic analysis of open-ended responses indicated a demand for features including actionable feedback, integration with healthcare providers, and enhanced usability. Despite these challenges, 81.9% of participants indicated a willingness to adopt AI-integrated wearable devices if recommended by healthcare providers. Conclusion: The findings indicate that people with diabetes regard wearable devices as effective instruments for managing their condition, especially in terms of real-time monitoring and adherence support. Concerns regarding privacy, cost, and device usability must be addressed to enhance adoption rates. These insights can inform the development of patient-centered wearable devices and guide healthcare strategies for the effective integration of these technologies into diabetes care.