ArticleJOR spine2025
Diurnal Asymmetric Loading Modulates Cell Phenotype in Intervertebral Disc.
Article in JOR spine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparative Analysis of Dual-miRNA Mediated Stimulation of Nucleus Pulposus and Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells for Intervertebral Disc Repair.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Combined Flexion, Torsion and Compression Drive Distinct Intervertebral Disc Failure Mechanisms Under Asymmetric, High-Cycle Loading.JOR spine · 2026Article
- The Biomechanical Landscape of Lumbar Disc Herniation: Mechanobiological Insights Into Injury and Regeneration.Neurospine · 2026Review
- Glucose concentration modulates bovine intervertebral disc response under physiological loading.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that asymmetric dynamic loading alone or in combination with static loading influences the morphological and biological characteristics of the intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in an ex vivo model. Methods: Bovine caudal IVDs were assigned to four groups: (1) Parallel dynamic load (1 h) + free swelling (23 h); (2) Parallel dynamic load (1 h) + static load (23 h); (3) Wedge dynamic load (1 h) + free swelling (23 h); (4) Wedge dynamic load (1 h) + static load (23 h). IVD structure was assessed with measurements of height loss and histological staining. IVD tissue and cellular responses were also measured. Results: Diurnal dynamic loading and free swelling recovery could maintain cell viability and the gene expression of organ-cultured discs at their physiological level. Diurnal dynamic loading followed by static loading resulted in a degenerative condition, as indicated by lower cell viability, lower anabolic, and higher catabolic gene expression. Under the dynamic load + free swelling load regime, wedge loading upregulated the ACAN gene expression level in the concave and convex sides of the annulus fibrosus (AF) compared with day 0 healthy control. Under the dynamic load + static loading regime, the MMP1 gene expression showed a trend of increase in the concave and convex sides of the wedge group; the MMP13 gene expression showed a trend of increase in the concave side of the wedge group. The nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue in the wedge group showed a trend of protrusion toward the convex side. Conclusion: Dynamic loading followed by continuous static loading negatively modulates the phenotype of IVD cells in this organ culture model. Comparable to the free swelling treatment after dynamic loading, physical treatment to reduce the stress on the IVD, even temporarily, may help to prevent the acceleration of deformity and degeneration. These results indicate that asymmetric loading followed by static loading may be used to mimic pathological changes of the IVD in spinal deformity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.