Relationship between endothelial activation and stress index and all-cause mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a moderating effect of gamma-glutamyl transferase.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the relationship between endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) and all-cause mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to further examine whether gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) influences this association. Methods: We included 2,543 participants with RA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in this retrospective cohort study. The study outcome was considered to be all-cause mortality. EASIX and GGT levels were measured at baseline (study enrollment) using laboratory data from NHANES. EASIX was divided into two groups based on its median: ≥0.476 and <0.476, while GGT was divided into two groups based on its median: ≥23 U/L and <23 U/L. EASIX was calculated using the formula, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, U/L) × creatinine (mg/dL)/platelet count (10 Results: A total of 867 individuals developed all-cause mortality over a mean follow-up period of 122.86 ± 3.29 months. After fully adjusting for potential confounding factors, higher EASIX (≥0.476) was positively associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18-1.73). However, the association between GGT and all-cause mortality was not significant ( Conclusion: High EASIX was positively associated with all-cause mortality in patients with RA, and this association was significantly enhanced by higher GGT levels.