SynthesisArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2025
Sex-Specific Risk of Smoking for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Exploration of Potential Mechanism: Meta-Analysis and Prospective Cohort Study.
Synthesis in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Accelerated biological aging, genetic susceptibility, and lifestyle in relation to abdominal aortic aneurysm: A prospective study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Adverse exposure burden, NMR metabolomics, and risk of incident abdominal aortic aneurysm.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- C-reactive protein in cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, conformation-dependent biology, and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Socioeconomic Inequities in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Uptake Among Women: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Targeting of Signaling Pathways in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: From Pathogenesis to Precision Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking is the strongest modifiable risk factor for the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). This study aims to confirm whether smoking is a stronger risk factor in women than men and identify contributory reasons, including inflammation, for any sex-specific difference observed.
methodsSystematic review and meta-analysis, conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. Data sources were Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Population-based studies reporting the risk of AAA, adjusted for age and cardiovascular risk factors, for women versus men, were included. These were complemented by data from UK Biobank, which also were assessed for sex-specific effects of smoking on incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
resultsMeta-analysis of 6 studies (including UK Biobank, 2001-2024) showed that the relative risk ratio of current versus never smokers for incident AAA in women versus men was 1.78 (95% CI, 1.32-2.38). In the UK Biobank cohort, the sex-specific relative risks of current smoking risks were higher for AAA than for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; hazard ratio, 1.74 and 1.29, respectively: analysis by cigarettes per day echoed these findings, but pack-year history had lesser association. The proportionately lower AAA incidence rate in exsmokers (versus current smokers) was more marked in women. Sex-specific risks of current smoking for incident AAA were not significantly modified by CRP (C-reactive protein), white blood cell count, or other inflammatory markers.
conclusionsThe relative risk of developing AAA by current smokers is almost twice as high in women versus men, but no strong association with inflammation was observed. Other reasons, including smoking intensity, must be sought. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/; Unique identifier: CRD2024586609.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.