ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2025
Estimation of T scores with Hologic using NatIve vs. Caucasian data in IndiAns (ETHNICA): a single center retrospective study.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is considered the current gold standard for the estimation of bone mineral density (BMD). Normative BMD data for the generation of T scores is based on data pertaining to young Caucasian white women from the NHANES-III study. However, there have been reports of significant ethnic variations in the normal BMD values, which could under/over-diagnose osteoporosis. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has given the normative BMD data for Indians. Our study compares machine-generated T-scores (T
methodsETHNICA was a retrospective study involving 1144 individuals who underwent DXA study (Hologic
resultsThe prevalence of osteoporosis was significantly lower using ICMR data compared to NHANES-III data, with a greater reduction seen in males (16.8 to 7.1%) than in females (26.6 to 18%). Similarly, a larger increase in individuals classified with normal BMD was seen in males (59.5 to 76.1%) compared to females (41.2 to 59.6%).
conclusionWe conclude that if we use NHANES-III BMD reference data, there is a significant overdiagnosis of osteoporosis and osteopenia in India. We recommend the adoption of representative regional reference standards for the diagnosis.
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