ArticleRespiratory research2025
Second hand smoke attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in Respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Secondhand tobacco exposure and risk of atrial fibrillation: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Passive smoking exposure and incidence and disease outcomes of inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Economic and health impact of integrating smoking cessation services into NHS cancer care pathways in England: a modelling study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Sex inequality in disease burden attributable to smoking, secondhand smoke and chewing tobacco: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Secondhand Smoke on the Biomineralization of Dental Enamel in Rats.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Evaluating the DALY impact of disease associated with second-hand smoke exposure in different socio-demographic index regions.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2026Article
- Changes in premature mortality burden due to lung cancer attributable to tobacco exposure in rural southwest China: three repeated cross-sectional studies from 2013 to 2025.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- The global burden of lower respiratory infections attributable to smoking and secondhand smoke, 1990-2021, with projections to 2050: a systematic analysis of the GBD 2021 study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Article
- Global Burden of Secondhand Smoke-Attributable ER-Negative Breast Cancer and Exploratory Immune-Metabolic Mediation Using Mendelian Randomization.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- The Global Burden and Trends of Premenopausal Breast Cancer by Modifiable Lifestyle Factors From 1990 to 2021 With Prediction Until 2039.Global health, epidemiology and genomics · 2026Article
- Extended secondhand smoke exposure alters potassium channel activity and reduces excitability of cardiac vagal neurons in mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Sex-specific global burden of cardiometabolic and respiratory diseases attributable to secondhand smoke exposure: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Lung cancer in non-smoking women (LCINSW): from risk factors to precision therapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Global burden of childhood otitis media attributable to secondhand smoke from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Pregnancy exacerbates neutrophil responses in murine lungs and alters gut microbiota composition after cigarette smoke exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mortality and trends of pulmonary arterial hypertension, 1990-2021: a population-based study.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer attributable to second-hand smoke from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of smoke-free interventions: A systematic review.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Review
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms Among Nonsmokers in China.Behavioural neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to estimate the changes in, second hand smoke (SHS) and potential drivers of its health outcome from 1990 to 2021 worldwide.
methodsThe data was derived from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, which covered 204 countries and territories. We reported SHS changes by sex, year and sociodemographic index (SDI) level (a summary measure that identifies where countries or other geographic areas sit on the spectrum of development) from 1990 to 2021. We analyzed the risk-outcome pairs among all age groups to estimate disease burden attributable to SHS exposure and also did a decomposition method to attribute changes in all-cause SHS attributable deaths or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to population growth, population aging, and mortality change.
resultsWorldwide, the age-standardized summary exposure values (SEV) of SHS exposure in 2021 was 30.6% (28.9 to 31.6) for males and 38.0% (35.5 to 39.0) for females, with a percentage change of -0.2 (-0.2 to -0.1) and -0.3 (-0.3 to -0.2), respectively, since 1990. Among the top 10 countries with the highest SEV, there were mainly high-middle SDI countries for male and low-middle SDI and middle SDI countries for female, respectively. Secondly, about 1.29 million deaths (0.68-1.90) and 34.90 million DALYs (17.95-52.21) were attributable to SHS exposure, and about half of them took place in two countries (China and India). Ischemic heart disease (IHD) (29.67%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (19.04%), and lower respiratory infections (LRIs) (10.87%) were the three leading causes of SHS associated deaths. Lastly, since 2010, the number of SHS related death significantly increased due to population growth and population aging, despite a decrease in mortality attributable to SHS exposure.
conclusionGlobally, the age-standardized SEV of SHS exposure decreased from 1990 to 2021. Since 2010, the increased number of deaths attributable to SHS exposure was mainly attributable to population growth and aging.
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