Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40336016›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2025

Inequality and heterogeneity in medical resources for children with autism spectrum disorders: a study in the ethnic minority region of southern China.

Yingying Lin, Guozhi Chen, Huaxiang Lu, Rongfei Qin, Jinsheng Jiang, Weiwei Tan, Caibin Luo, Ming Chen, Qin Huang, Liangliang Huang and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yingying Lin *School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Guozhi Chen *Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. guozhichen402@163.com.
Huaxiang Lu *Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. maxpeon@hotmail.com.
Rongfei QinGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Jinsheng JiangGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Weiwei TanGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Caibin LuoGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Ming ChenGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Qin HuangGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Liangliang HuangGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center, 48 Luowen Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Aihu DongGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, 18 Jinzhou Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Jian QinSchool of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. qinjian@gxmu.edu.cn.

Funding

Guangxi Bagui Honor Scholars project and the key research and development project of Guangxi AB19245044Guangxi Natural Science Foundation 2025GXNSFAA069034 and 2025GXNSFBA069026Scientific Project of Health Commission of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Z-A20231120
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn recent years, medical interventional treatment for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been gradually introduced in medical institutions in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. However, the allocation of these medical resources has been uneven. This study describes the spatial allocation of medical resources for children with ASD in Guangxi, evaluates their supply and utilization, and expounds on their correlations with socioeconomic and demographic conditions.

methodsThis study was based on a special survey conducted from 2021 to 2022 by the Guangxi Disabled Rehabilitation Research Center. The number of medical institutions for children with ASD (MIIs), average number of ASD technicians per 10,000 target people (CTPP), and coverage rate of medical interventions (CMI) were set as dependent variables, while population density, proportion of town residents, total retail sales of consumer goods, disposable income per capita gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc), and number of enterprises above designated size were set as independent variables, all of which were included in the spatial statistical model. The main analysis methods was multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR).

resultsThe allocation of MIIs (Moran's I = 0.119, p = 0.007), CTPP (Moran's I = 0.208, p = 0.017), and CMI (Moran's I = 0.251, p = 0.004) in Guangxi showed significant spatial autocorrelation. The medical resources formed high-value hot spots in major districts of core cities, while the medical resources were scarce in some remote ethnic minority counties and densely populated areas in southeastern Guangxi. MIIs showed significant spatial correlations with population density (EV=-0.225, p = 0.001), proportion of town residents (EV = 0.255, p = 0.002), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.806, p < 0.001), and disposable income per capita (EV=-0.267, p < 0.001). CTPP showed significant correlations with population density (EV = 0.211, p = 0.019), GDPpc (EV = 0.267, p = 0.002), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.382, p < 0.001), and number of enterprises above designated size (EV=-0.242, p = 0.005). CMI showed a significant association with proportion of town residents (EV = 0.415, p < 0.001), total retail sales of consumer goods (EV = 0.273, p = 0.006), and number of enterprises above designated size (EV=-0.236, p = 0.003).

conclusionsThe spatial allocation of medical resources for children with ASD in Guangxi is heterogeneous, and correlates varyingly with regional socioeconomic conditions as well as urbanization and demographic conditions.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderEthnicityHealthcare DisparitiesHealth ResourcesMinority GroupsChildChinaFemaleHumansMaleSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesAutism spectrum disorderChildrenHeterogeneityMedical resourceMGWRSpatial allocation

Identifiers

PMID40336016
PMCPMC12057065

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.