ArticleBMC public health2025
Association of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risk with all-cause mortality: an interaction, joint and mediation analysis in Chinese adults.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Management Strategies for Congestive Heart Failure in Chronic Kidney Disease: Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Combined effect of atopic dermatitis and chronic kidney disease on overall and cardiovascular disease mortality.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem. This study aimed to evaluate the complex relationship of CKD and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk with mortality in different age groups and the mediation effect of CVD risk among Chinese adults.
methodsA total of 7533 participants from the 2009 wave of China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort were included in this study and followed up to 2015. CKD was defined as the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m
resultsCHNS cohort recorded 266 deaths over a mean follow-up time of 5.04 years. The all-mortality rates among adults with CKD and high CVD risk were significantly higher than healthy controls (22.48 and 21.30 per 1000 person-years). After adjusting for covariates of age, gender, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, hyperuricemia, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, the adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of CKD and high CVD risk were 1.70 (95% CI 1.27-2.28) and 1.62 (95%CI 1.26-2.09), respectively. Joint effect analysis revealed that mortality hazard was highest in CKD patients with high CVD risk (aHR = 3.15, 95% CI 1.92-5.16). Mediation analysis showed that significant partial mediation by SBP and fasting glucose, accounting for 19.2% (p < 0.001) and 3.52% (p = 0.012) of the total effect of CKD on mortality.
conclusionsComprehensive strategies including lifestyle modifications, diet restrictions, and cardio-nephrology multidisciplinary treatment for mitigating CVD risk in CKD patients should focus on middle-aged people and early disease detection.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.