ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Risk of premature cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in young adults, association with risk factor prevalence early in life.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolomic Atlas of Cardiovascular Diseases: Mapping Shared and Specific Signatures.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Association Between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Clinical Outcomes Modified by Diabetes Duration in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Cardioprotective potential of Maharishi Amrit Kalash: a scoping review of evidence from experimental and clinical studies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWith the increase in risk factors and the emergence of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults, we need to pay more attention to the cardiovascular health of this group. This study aimed to assess the association of the degree of joint risk factor control with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in young people.
methodsKailuan Study is a prospective cohort study based on a community population, which began in June 2006, and followed up every two years. A sample of 16,519 eligible participants in the Kailuan cohort was recruited in this current study and 15,948 was included in the final analysis, with an average age of 32.34 ± 5.19 years, and a male proportion of 74.76%. Based on the control status of the risk factors, participants were divided into three groups: well-controlled group (≥ 7 risk factors controlled), moderately controlled group (5-6 risk factors controlled), and poorly controlled group (≤ 4 risk factors controlled). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyse the relationship between the joint control of risk factors and onset of CVD and all-cause mortality.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up period of 14.78 ± 1.33 years, we identified 285 incident CVD cases and a total of 274 deaths from all causes. Compared to the well-controlled group, the moderately controlled group and poorly controlled group exhibited progressively higher risks of CVD and all-cause mortality. The adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for CVD in the moderately controlled group and poorly controlled group were 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.66-3.02) and 3.09 (95% CI: 2.04-4.68), respectively. The adjusted HRs for all-cause mortality in these two groups were 1.53 (1.15-2.04) and 2.65 (1.79-3.92), respectively.
conclusionsWe observed an inverse relationship between the degree of risk factor control and the risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in young adults, emphasizing the importance of actively controlling more risk factors in early life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.