ArticleNature biomedical engineering2025
Targeting inflammation with chimeric antigen receptor macrophages using a signal switch.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- From technological iteration to clinical breakthrough: advances of CAR-T cell therapy in autoimmune diseases.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Chimeric antigen receptor-macrophages: A new paradigm for cell therapy.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2026Review
- Harnessing macrophage signaling pathways and scalable engineering for next-generation immunotherapies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Chimeric IL-6/4R-LL37 Engineered Macrophages Achieve Synchronized Inflammation Control and Antimicrobial Defence in Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Opportunities for artificial intelligence and synthetic biology in designing living drug delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2026Review
- Engineered macrophages with IL-10-TLR9 signal switch receptors for reprogramming tumor microenvironment and enhancing antitumor immunity.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and novel therapeutic targets of diabetic kidney disease.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Programmable synthetic cytokine receptors polarize macrophages to user-defined functional states.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CX3CR1-mediated immune networks in sepsis: implications for precision therapy.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Optimizing next-generation CAR-macrophages against solid tumors: challenges and potential strategies.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Trackable Tolerogenic Macrophages Integrate PD-L1 and Rapamycin Signaling to Suppress Alloimmune Responses in Transplantation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineering Immune Cell to Counteract Aging and Aging-Associated Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Beyond CAR-T and oncology: broadening chimeric antigen receptor technologies across cell types and diseases.Precision clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Recent progress in immunomodulation-based strategies for bone repair.Regenerative therapy · 2026Review
- CAR-macrophages: a new chapter in cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Article
- Optimization of THP-1-CAR monocytes utilizing CD32a signaling phagocytosis for antigen-specific T cell activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting age-related LINE-1 activation alleviates cardiac aging.Nature aging · 2026Article
- Treatment strategies for rituximab-resistant primary membranous nephropathy: from resistance mechanisms to emerging therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: interactions between innate and adaptive immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Key Experimental Therapeutics and Knowledge Gaps in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH).Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has shown great success in clinical cancer, bringing hope to apply CAR strategies to other clinical settings. Here we developed a CAR macrophage (CAR-M) that recognizes the major inflammatory molecule tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and activates an intracellular IL-4 signalling pathway, thereby programming engineered macrophages for an anti-inflammatory function. CAR-M therapy has exhibited efficacy in mouse models of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In kidney ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI), infused CAR-Ms switched to an anti-inflammatory phenotype in inflamed kidney and attenuated kidney IRI. The anti-inflammatory phenotype of infused CAR-Ms switched off during the recovery phase of kidney IRI, coinciding with the disappearance of TNF. In Adriamycin-induced nephropathy, a model of chronic inflammatory disease, infused CAR-Ms maintained an anti-inflammatory phenotype for several weeks in response to sustained high levels of TNF and improved kidney function and structure. CAR-Ms also effectively reduced tissue injury in another organ, the liver. Human anti-TNF CAR-Ms exhibit anti-inflammatory phenotype and function in response to TNF. The CAR-M design, using signal switching, holds promise for the treatment of a broad range of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.