Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40335518›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Exploring the therapeutic potential of Thymus vulgaris ethanol extract: a computational screening for antimicrobial compounds against COVID-19 induced mucormycosis.

Muhammad Naveed, Ayesha Saleem, Tariq Aziz, Nouman Ali, Zeerwah Rajpoot, Muniba Niaz, Ayaz Ali Khan, Rania Ali El Hadi Mohamed, Fahad Al-Asmari, Fakhria A Al-Joufi and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Multi-Epitope mRNA Vaccine TargetingBioinformatics and biology insights · 2026
    Article
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Muhammad NaveedDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan. naveed.quaidian@gmail.com.
Ayesha SaleemDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Tariq AzizLaboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, Food Hygiene and Quality, University of Ioannina, 47132, Arta, Greece. iwockd@gmail.com.
Nouman AliDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Zeerwah RajpootDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Muniba NiazDepartment of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Ayaz Ali KhanDepartment of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir Lower, Pakistan.
Rania Ali El Hadi MohamedDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
Fahad Al-AsmariDepartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Fakhria A Al-JoufiDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia.
Maher S AlwethaynaniDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Khloud Ghazi FakihaDepartment of Biological sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah, 21493, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) has emerged as a concerning complication during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we explored the potential of phytochemicals and flavonoids identified through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis of Thymus vulgaris plant extract against key proteins of CAM, namely heat shock protein A5 (GPR78) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). HPLC analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including chlorogenic acid, cinamic acid, quercetin, coumaric acid, gallic acid, and syringic acid. To assess their efficacy against CAM, computational analyses were performed, including molecular docking analysis, pharmacophore characterization, ADME and molecular dynamics simulations. The results demonstrated that chlorogenic acid exhibited strong binding affinity against EGFR with a docking score of -7.6 kcal/mol, while quercetin showed favorable binding affinity against HSP A5 (GPR78) with a docking score of -10.1 kcal/mol. Both chlorogenic acid and quercetin displayed promising ADME properties, indicating their potential as drug candidates. Nevertheless, it was observed that chlorogenic acid did not adhere to Lipinski's rule, and its gastrointestinal (GI) absorption was relatively low when compared to quercetin. Unlike chlorogenic acid, quercetin does conform to Lipinski's rule and showed high GI absorption. Moreover, pharmacophore characterization of both drug candidates revealed a substantial number of binding sites, suggesting the likelihood of stable bond formation. Normal mode analysis revealed higher eigenvalues for the quercetin-HSPA5 complex compared to the chlorogenic acid-EGFR complex, indicating greater structural rigidity and stability. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of chlorogenic acid and quercetin as promising drug candidates against CAM. Furthermore, in-vitro and in-vivo studies are needed to validate their efficacy and safety for clinical use in treating mucormycosis associated with COVID-19. These findings may offer valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic options to combat this challenging co-infectious disease.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 Drug TreatmentMucormycosisPlant ExtractsThymus PlantChlorogenic AcidChromatography, High Pressure LiquidErbB ReceptorsHumansMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationQuercetinSARS-CoV-2Chlorogenic AcidErbB ReceptorsPlant ExtractsQuercetinCOVID-19 associated mucormycosisHPLCMolecular dockingPharmacophore characterization

Identifiers

PMID40335518
PMCPMC12058993

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.