Emphysematous rumenitis in a Japanese black calf caused by Clostridium perfringens with secondary Balantidium coli infection.

Asmaa A Hegazy, Naoyuki Fuke, Mutsumi Nakai, Miho Kakiya, Hiroaki Kondo, Takuya Hirai

Abstract readCase Reports

In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of veterinary medical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Isolation, Genomic Evolution, and Pathogenicity ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Asmaa A HegazyGraduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Naoyuki FukeFaculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Mutsumi NakaiFaculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Miho KakiyaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Hiroaki KondoMiyazaki Agricultural Mutual Aid Association, Miyazaki, Japan.

Takuya HiraiGraduate School of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A 4-month-old Japanese black calf exhibited anorexia and respiratory distress. Necropsy revealed a spongiform appearance of the rumen wall and histologically diagnosed as emphysematous rumenitis. The ruminal mucosa exhibited characteristic lesions of chemical rumenitis, so ruminal acidosis is suspected. Gram-positive bacilli were discernible on the degenerated ruminal mucosal surface and reacted with Clostridium species antibodies. Anaerobic cultures yielded Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens), identified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as C. perfringens type A. The lumen and submucosa of the rumen showed a large ciliated trophozoite confirmed by PCR as Balantidium coli (B. coli). These findings suggest that ruminal acidosis leads to dysbiosis and allows C. perfringens type A to grow, causing emphysematous rumenitis and facilitating secondary B. coli infection.

Indexed as

BalantidiasisBalantidiumCattle DiseasesClostridium InfectionsClostridium perfringensEmphysemaStomach DiseasesAnimalsCattleMaleRumenBalantidium coliClostridium perfringensemphysematous rumenitisJapanese black calfruminal acidosis

Identifiers

PMID40335292

DOI10.1292/jvms.24-0403

PMCPMC12246622

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.