Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40334389›Full record

ReviewPoultry science2025

Do we need a standardized 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis protocol for poultry microbiota research?

Joshua M Lyte, Mitiku M Seyoum, Diana Ayala, Jannigje G Kers, Valentina Caputi, Timothy Johnson, Li Zhang, Joshua Rehberger, Guolong Zhang, Sami Dridi and 9 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Poultry science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. MitigatingMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Joshua M LyteUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States.
Mitiku M SeyoumCenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States.
Diana AyalaPurina Animal Nutrition Center, Land O'Lakes, Gray Summit 63039, MO, United States.
Jannigje G KersFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, and Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, The Netherlands.
Valentina CaputiUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Area, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States.
Timothy JohnsonUniversity of Minnesota, Saint Paul 55108, MN, United States.
Li ZhangMississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, MS, United States.
Joshua RehbergerArm and Hammer Animal Nutrition, Waukesha 53186, WI, United States.
Guolong ZhangDepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078, OK, United States.
Sami DridiCenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States.
Brett HaleAgriGro, Doniphan 6393, MO, United States.
Jean E De OliveiraCargill R & D Centre Europe, Vilvoorde, Belgium.
Daniel GrumPurina Animal Nutrition Center, Land O'Lakes, Gray Summit 63039, MO, United States.
Alexandra H SmithMississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, MS, United States.
Michael KogutUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station 77845, TX, United States.
Steven C RickeDepartment of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706, WI, United States.
Anne BallouIluma Alliance, Durham 27703, NC, United States.
Bill PotterCenter of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, AR, United States.
Monika Proszkowiec-WeglarzUnited States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northeast Area, Beltsville Agriculture Research Center, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville 20705, MD, United States. Electronic address: monika.weglarz@usda.gov.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteria are the major component of poultry gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiota and play an important role in host health, nutrition, physiology regulation, intestinal development, and growth. Bacterial community profiling based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing approach has become the most popular method to determine the taxonomic composition and diversity of the poultry microbiota. The 16S rRNA gene profiling involves numerous steps, including sample collection and storage, DNA isolation, 16S rRNA gene primer selection, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), library preparation, sequencing, raw sequencing reads processing, taxonomic classification, α- and β-diversity calculations, and statistical analysis. However, there is currently no standardized protocol for 16S rRNA gene analysis profiling and data deposition for poultry microbiota studies. Variations in DNA storage and isolation, primer design, and library preparation are known to introduce biases, affecting community structure and microbial population analysis leading to over- or under-representation of individual bacteria within communities. Additionally, different sequencing platforms, bioinformatics pipeline, and taxonomic database selection can affect classification and determination of the microbial taxa. Moreover, detailed experimental design and DNA processing and sequencing methods are often inadequately reported in poultry 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies. Consequently, poultry microbiota results are often difficult to reproduce and compare across studies. This manuscript reviews current practices in profiling poultry microbiota using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and proposes the development of guidelines for protocol for 16S rRNA gene sequencing that spans from sample collection through data deposition to achieve more reliable data comparisons across studies and allow for comparisons and/or interpretations of poultry studies conducted worldwide.

Indexed as

BacteriaChickensGastrointestinal MicrobiomePoultryRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSequence Analysis, DNAAnimalsRNA, Ribosomal, 16S16S rRNA gene sequencingMicrobiotaNext-generation sequencingPoultryStandardized protocol

Identifiers

PMID40334389
PMCPMC12207820

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.