Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40334011›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2025

Use of virtual reality in the reduction of pain after the administration of vaccines among children in primary care centers in Central Catalonia: Randomized clinical trial.

Mercedes De La Cruz Herrera, Aïna Fuster-Casanovas, Queralt Miró Catalina, Mireia Cigarrrán Mensa, Isabel Vilanova Guitart, Antonio Agüera Sedeño, Josep Vidal-Alaball, Sergi Grau Carrión

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06313762 (Use of Virtual Reality in the Reduction of Pain After the Administration of Vaccines Among Children in Primary Care Centers.), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06313762 nacompletednot on this map

Use of Virtual Reality in the Reduction of Pain After the Administration of Vaccines Among Children in Primary Care Centers.

TypeinterventionalSponsorFundacio d'Investigacio en Atencio Primaria Jordi Gol i GurinaRan2022 to 2024Enrolled300ConditionsPain, Pediatrics, Vaccination, Virtual RealityArmsPico G2 Virtual Reality Glasses (Pico Interactive Inc), together with an Android AOYODKG tablet, Traditional Distractors, Triple Viral + Varicella Vaccine at 3 years of age, Hepatitis A + Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine at 6 years of age.
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mercedes De La Cruz HerreraCentre d'Atenció Primària Súria, Gerència d'Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1662-6863
Aïna Fuster-CasanovasGerència d'Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-9580
Queralt Miró CatalinaIntelligence for Primary Care Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Manresa, Spain.
Mireia Cigarrrán MensaVRPharma Immersive Technologies SL, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-351X
Isabel Vilanova GuitartCentre d'Atenció Primària Súria, Gerència d'Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.
Antonio Agüera SedeñoCentre d'Atenció Primària Súria, Gerència d'Atenció Primària i a la Comunitat de la Catalunya Central, Institut Català de la Salut, Sant Fruitós de Bages, Spain.
Josep Vidal-AlaballIntelligence for Primary Care Research Group, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina, Manresa, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3527-4242
Sergi Grau CarriónDigital Care Research Group, Centre for Health and Social Care Research, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Spain.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0476

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPain and anxiety caused by vaccination and other medical procedures in childhood can generate discomfort in both the patient and their parents. Virtual reality is a non-pharmacological distraction technique, capable of diverting patients' attention to a virtual environment, potentially reducing pain signals during the procedure and becoming a method of analgesia, reinforcing traditional methods. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the reduction of pain and anxiety following the administration of two vaccines. PATIENTS AND

methodsA randomized, multicenter, open, parallel and controlled clinical trial was carried out in two assigned groups; in which were included 300 children aged 3 and 6 years, who were candidates to receive two vaccines. The intervention group used virtual reality glasses while the control group received traditional care. Pain and anxiety were assessed using validated scales; the heart rate and the satisfaction of legal guardians were also recorded.

resultsA total of 150 patients were included in each group. 53.3% of the intervention group reported no pain during the first vaccination, compared to 25.3% of the control group; with regard to the second vaccination, 49.3% of the virtual reality group reported no pain, compared to 21.3% of the control group. 71.1% of the intervention group faced the first vaccination calmly; 52% and 56.7% did not show anxiety at the end of the vaccination respectively; as for the control group, 71.8% faced the first vaccination calmly, 23.3% did not show anxiety at the end of the first intervention and 19.3% did not show anxiety at the end of the second vaccination. The heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group. The satisfaction of legal guardians in the virtual reality group was higher than in the control group.

conclusionsthe use of virtual reality reduces pain and anxiety during vaccination in pediatric population. Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06313762.

Indexed as

AnxietyPainPain ManagementVaccinationVaccinesVirtual RealityChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMalePain MeasurementPrimary Health CareSpainVaccines

Identifiers

PMID40334011
PMCPMC12057881

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.