Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40333964›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

A bioinspired multimotion modality underwater microrobot.

Taishan Liu, Yide Liu, Rongbao Zeng, Bian Gan, Meng Zhang, Hua Li, Shaoxing Qu, Haofei Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Amphibious Movement of Microrobots Inspired by Water Spiders.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Taishan LiuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-0830-547X
Yide LiuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-2447-3107
Rongbao ZengState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
Bian GanState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
Meng ZhangState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.
Hua LiState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-9210-0257
Shaoxing QuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0002-1217-4644
Haofei ZhouState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province, Center for X-mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China.ORCID 0000-0001-9226-9530

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exploring narrow underwater environments presents notable challenges due to the need for flexible movement and robust transition between different motion modalities. Inspired by the pteropod, a small aquatic organism known for its ability to change direction by adjusting the attack angle of its wings, we developed a biomimetic robotic platform called RoboPteropod. This micro-underwater robot, equipped with flexible flapping wings that mimic the propulsive mechanisms of the pteropod, reaches a float velocity of 1.88 body height per second and a forward velocity of 1.2 body length per second, while maintaining a power consumption of merely 580 milliwatts. The ability to dynamically adjust the attack angle of the wings enables smooth transition among various modes (float, move straight, yaw, and pitch) of underwater locomotion, allowing for agile, three-dimensional maneuvering in complex aquatic environments. RoboPteropod offers meaningful potential for detailed exploration of confined and otherwise inaccessible underwater spaces.

Identifiers

PMID40333964
PMCPMC12057673

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.