ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Challenges and Opportunities in Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Germanium from Coal By-Products.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Electronic Waste-Derived Nanomaterials: Environmental Release, Toxicity, and Public Health Risks.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Germanium, a critical material for advanced technologies, is enriched in certain coal deposits and by-products, including coal combustion and gasification fly ashes. This review examines germanium concentrations and occurrence modes in coal, coal gangue, and their combustion or gasification by-products, as well as hydrometallurgical recovery methods at laboratory, pilot, and industrial scales. Fly ashes from both coal combustion and gasification are particularly promising due to their higher germanium content and recovery rates, which can exceed 90% under optimal conditions. However, the low germanium concentrations and high levels of impurities in the leachates pose challenges, necessitating the development of innovative and selective separation techniques, primarily involving solvent extraction, ion exchange, or adsorption.
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