ArticleAnesthesia and analgesia2026
Patient- and Institution-Level Factors Associated With Intraoperative Cardiac Arrest During Major Noncardiac Surgery.
Article in Anesthesia and analgesia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntraoperative cardiac arrest (IOCA) is a rare but catastrophic event with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. This study aimed to characterize the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of IOCA.
methodsAdults undergoing noncardiac surgery were identified in the 2016 to 2021 National Inpatient Sample. IOCA events were identified using the relevant International Classification of Diseases code. Multivariable regression models examined factors independently associated with IOCA and in-hospital mortality. The significance of temporal trends was calculated using Cuzick's nonparametric test.
resultsAmong 2671,834 noncardiac surgical admissions, 1294 (0.05%) experienced IOCA. The incidence increased from 0.05% to 0.06% during the study period, coinciding with an increase in nonelective operations during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. IOCA was associated with a 39.3% in-hospital mortality rate and increases in length of stay and hospitalization costs. Key risk factors for IOCA included advanced age, male sex, Black race (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.40, 95% CI, 1.20-1.65), low-income status (AOR 1.21, 95% CI, 1.02-1.43), treatment at government nonfederal hospitals (AOR 1.22, 95% CI, 1.08-1.50), high-risk surgical procedures, and significant comorbidities such as congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and valvular disease.
conclusionsDespite the initial reduction in the incidence of IOCA, this study highlights a temporal increase coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic and an increase in nonelective surgeries. Future research should explore more granular predictors of IOCA and its outcomes to develop targeted interventions for at-risk populations and tailor guidelines to manage emerging challenges in population health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.