Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40333198›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Post-Surgical Central Nervous System Infections in the Era of Multidrug Antibiotic Resistance in Greece-A Single-Center Experience of a Decade.

Konstantinos Markakis, Konstantina Kapiki, Angela Ava Arbelle Edric, Asimina Aphrodite Pappas, Georgios Feretos, Sideris Nanoudis, Dimitrios Pilalas, Theodoros Michailidis, Efthymia Protonotariou, Lemonia Skoura and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Konstantinos MarkakisInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7784-2490
Konstantina KapikiInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Angela Ava Arbelle EdricInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Asimina Aphrodite PappasInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Georgios FeretosDepartment of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Sideris NanoudisInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-0199-8672
Dimitrios PilalasInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1362-8027
Theodoros MichailidisInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3732-938X
Efthymia ProtonotariouDepartment of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8755-1662
Lemonia SkouraDepartment of Microbiology, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nikolaos ForoglouDepartment of Neurosurgery, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-3660-6293
Symeon MetallidisInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Olga TsachouridouInfectious Diseases Unit, 1st Internal Medicine Department, AHEPA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, S. Kiriakidi Str. 1, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-6503-0284

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post-surgical central nervous system infections (PCNSIs) are a major cause of morbidity, poor functional outcomes and mortality in neurosurgical patients. These infections complicate operations of the CNS or are related to the use of neurosurgical devices or drainage catheters. Gram-negative bacteria, with multiple resistance patterns, are often isolated and these infections are difficult to treat, due to suboptimal antibiotic therapeutic levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This is a retrospective study of PCNSIs between 2014 and 2024 in a single center of a tertiary hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece. Out of 2401 neurosurgical procedures, forty-one were complicated by PCNSIs, yielding a total PCNSI prevalence of 1.7%. Thirty-five involved cases with positive CSF culture. The most common interventions were craniotomies for the resection of tumors or other lesions (30.1%). Most cases referred to an EVD infection.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsCentral Nervous System InfectionsDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialPostoperative ComplicationsAdultAgedFemaleGreeceHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeurosurgical ProceduresRetrospective StudiesAnti-Bacterial AgentsAcinetobacter baumanniiexternal ventricular drainGram-negative bacteriamortalitypost-surgical central nervous system infectionspost-surgical meningitisventriculitis

Identifiers

PMID40333198
PMCPMC12030225

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.