Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40333194›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Decade-Long Sustained Cellular Immunity Induced by Sequential and Repeated Vaccination with Four Heterologous HIV Vaccines in Rhesus Macaques.

Xiaozhou He, Danying Chen, Qi Ma, Yanzhe Hao, Hongxia Li, Xiaoguang Zhang, Yuxi Cao, Xia Feng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaozhou HeNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.ORCID 0000-0001-9292-5788
Danying ChenNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Qi MaNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Yanzhe HaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0111-9826
Hongxia LiNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Xiaoguang ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Yuxi CaoNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
Xia FengNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

Funding

National Science and Technology Major Project 2012ZX10001-005 and 2018ZX10731101-002-010
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesDeveloping durable cellular immunity remains a critical challenge for HIV vaccine development.

methodsWe evaluated a sequential and repeated heterologous prime-boost vaccination regimen using four distinct vector-based vaccines (DNA, rAd5, rSeV, and rMVA) expressing HIV-1 gag in rhesus macaques over a decade-long observation period.

resultsCompared to the two-vector and control groups, the four-vector regimen elicited potent gag-specific cellular immune responses, as evidenced by IFN-γ ELISPOT assays showing sustained responses exceeding 500 SFCs/10

conclusionsThese findings demonstrate that sequential and repeated heterologous vaccination effectively induces and maintains durable cellular immunity, providing a strategic framework for HIV vaccine design.

Indexed as

cellular immunityheterologous prime–boostHIV vaccinelongitudinal studyrhesus macaques

Identifiers

PMID40333194
PMCPMC12031043

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.