Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40333174›Full record

ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Patterns of the Circulation of Influenza in a Targeted Jordanian Subpopulation from November 2021 to April 2023.

Ashraf I Khasawneh, Nisreen M Himsawi, Jumana A Abu-Raideh, Ashraf Sammour, Hazem Abu Safieh, Mohammad Al Qudah, Ali Obeidat, Moureq R Alotaibi, Hafez Al-Momani, Rame Khasawneh and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ashraf I KhasawnehDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0001-7880-7849
Nisreen M HimsawiDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-3769-8134
Jumana A Abu-RaidehDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Ashraf SammourDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Hazem Abu SafiehDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Mohammad Al QudahDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.
Ali ObeidatDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Irbid Specialty Hospital, Irbid 21110, Jordan.
Moureq R AlotaibiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia.
Hafez Al-MomaniDepartment of Microbiology, Pathology, and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0003-2119-0811
Rame KhasawnehKing Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman 11942, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-6716-2851
Sofian Al ShboulDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-0455-4380
Tareq SalehDepartment of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan.ORCID 0000-0002-2878-1107

Funding

Deanship of Scientific Research, The Hashemite University. 625/65/2021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInfluenza remains a global health challenge, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This study explores the epidemiology of influenza A (IAV) and B (IBV) during the 2021-2023 winter seasons within a targeted Jordanian subpopulation to inform public health strategies.

methodsNasopharyngeal swabs from patients with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in three major Jordanian cities were analyzed. RT-PCR was utilized to detect common respiratory pathogens, and specific primers identified IAV (H1N1) pdm09, H3N2, and IBV subtypes. Statistical analyses examined influenza subtype frequencies and their association with demographics and coinfection patterns.

resultsIAV, IBV, and ICV were detected in 9.4%, 13.5%, and 5.5% of cases, respectively. Predominant strains were IAV (H1N1) pdm09 (55.8%), H3N2 (30.2%), and IBV Victoria lineage (98.4%). Coinfections with IAV frequently involved

conclusionsThe predominance of IAV (H1N1) pdm09 and IBV Victoria lineage highlights the need for strain-specific vaccination. Frequent coinfections underscore the importance of comprehensive diagnostics. Local public health strategies should focus on increasing vaccine coverage and preventive education, especially for adults and urban populations.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolCoinfectionFemaleHumansInfantInfluenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypeInfluenza A Virus, H3N2 SubtypeInfluenza B virusJordanMaleMiddle Agedcoinfectionsepidemiology(H1N1) pdm09influenza Ainfluenza BJordanVictoria lineage

Identifiers

PMID40333174
PMCPMC12030556

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.