Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40332666›Full record

ArticleJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2025

County-Level COVID-19 Policy Comprehensiveness and Adult Behavioral Health during 2021 : County-Level COVID-19 Policy and Adult Behavioral Health.

Emily Wright, Emily C Dore, Kaitlyn E Jackson, Guangyi Wang, Mark J Pletcher, Thomas W Carton, Rita Hamad

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Emily WrightDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, 7th floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Emily C DoreDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, 7th floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Kaitlyn E JacksonDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, 7th floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
Guangyi WangInstitute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Mark J PletcherDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Thomas W CartonLouisiana Public Health Institute, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Rita HamadDepartment of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Kresge Building, 7th floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. rhamad@hsph.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-4077

Funding

The Impacts of County-Level COVID- 19 -Related Public Health and Social Policies on Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Mental Health and Healthcare UtilizationU01MH129968 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HAMAD, RITA · 2021 to 2025
$3.4M
NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH129968NIMH NIH HHS U01MH129968Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute COVID-2020C2-10761
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epidemiologic research has found worsening behavioral health in the USA since 2020. Local policies may have contributed to these patterns and associated disparities. However, scant research has systematically documented county-level COVID-19-era policymaking or empirically investigated its health impacts. To investigate this question, we linked the US COVID-19 County Policy Database-a novel database with weekly data from 2020 to 2021 on 26 policies for 309 primarily urban counties-to data on adult behavioral health from the cross-sectional 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 25,600). We created measures of policy comprehensiveness by aggregating individual policies into an overall score, and into three domains: containment/closure, economic response, and public health. Outcomes included any past-30-day use and frequency of use of multiple substances (alcohol, binge alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, non-marijuana illicit drug use, and vaping) and past-30-day psychological distress. Models adjusted for individual covariates, county fixed effects, and time-varying county-level COVID-19 covariates. We found that increases in overall policy comprehensiveness-and comprehensiveness in each of three domains-over time were not associated with the behavioral health outcomes assessed. Meanwhile, stratified models found some variability in associations across sex, racial/ethnic, education, and urban subgroups. This study established the feasibility, utility, and potential challenges of linking newly available COVID-19-related county policy data with health data to examine county-level policy influences on behavioral health. Further research is needed to inform responses to current behavioral health needs and future public health emergencies.

Indexed as

COVID-19Health PolicyAdultCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPublic HealthSARS-CoV-2Substance-Related DisordersUnited StatesBehavioral healthCOVID-19Fixed effectsHealth behaviorsMental healthPolicy evaluationSubstance use

Identifiers

PMID40332666
PMCPMC12279665

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