ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Effects of CB2 Receptor Modulation on Macrophage Polarization in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Activating Cannabinoid receptor 2 alleviates iron overload-induced liver damage via dual modulation of STAT3/hepcidin and Nrf2/FPN1 pathways.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Disrupted endocannabinoid signaling contributes to systemic inflammation in acute pancreatitis.The Journal of pathology · 2026Article
- The Therapeutic Paradox of Endocannabinoid Immunomodulation: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategic Frameworks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Interactions Between Iron Metabolism and the Endocannabinoid System in Bacterial Infections.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Zuoqing granules attenuate ulcerative colitis via macrophage polarization modulation: involvement of the PPAR-γ/NF-κB/STAT1 signaling axis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of macrophages and neutrophils inducing ulcerative colitis progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- [Research progress on the pathological mechanisms and clinical translation of ferroptosis in necrotizing enterocolitis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatricsReview
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Macrophages play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and can exhibit either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. The cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in immune regulation and may represent a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study investigates the phenotype of circulating macrophages and CB2 expression in children with IBD, assessing the role of CB2 stimulation in macrophage polarization, iron metabolism, and intestinal barrier function. Macrophages were isolated from 17 children with ulcerative colitis (UC), 21 with Crohn's disease (CD), and 12 healthy controls (CTR). Cells were treated with a CB2 agonist (JWH-133) and an inverse agonist (AM630). CB2 expression and macrophage polarization were assessed by Western blot. Iron metabolism was evaluated through IL-6, hepcidin levels, FPN-1 expression, and iron concentration. Inflammation was assessed by cytokine release. An in vitro "immunocompetent gut" model was used to study the effects of CB2 stimulation on macrophage polarization and intestinal barrier function. CB2 expression was reduced in IBD macrophages. Compared to controls, IBD patients showed increased M1 markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a reduction in M2 markers and IL-13. Altered iron metabolism was observed, with increased [Fe
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