SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular impact of chronic venous disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2026Review
- IGFBP2 attenuates high glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction through PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway activation.Bioscience reports · 2026Article
- Gut-heart-kidney communication in cardiovascular disease: from a single-metabolite hypothesis to a context-dependent metabolite network.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2026Review
- Is chronic venous disease a marker of systemic cardiovascular risk? A systematic review.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Predictors of Short-Term Outcome in Venous Leg Ulcers: The Dominant Role of Wound Infection and Multiple Ulcers.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Fracture Healing: Mechanisms and Potential Effects on Skeletal Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The arterial-venous continuum: bridging atherosclerosis and chronic venous disease through endothelial dysfunction.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- From Continuous-Flow Mechanical Circulatory Support to Heart Transplantation: Hemodynamic, Immunometabolic, and Body Composition Determinants of Rehabilitation Outcomes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Plant-derived extracellular vesicles as emerging cardioprotective agents for cardiovascular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Compression and Superficial Varicosities Outperform Gonadal Vein Diameter in Differentiating Symptomatic from Asymptomatic Pelvic Venous Disorders: A Case-Control Study.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2026Article
- Liensinine Ameliorating Oxidative Damage to Vascular Endothelium In Vitro via Upregulating eNOS and Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Neointimal hyperplasia and vascular restenosis: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic interventions.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Predictive value of great and small saphenous vein diameters for venous reflux in lower extremity chronic venous insufficiency: A segmental analysis using duplex ultrasonography.Journal of ultrasound · 2026Article
- Inflammation in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: An Immunometabolic Mechanistic Framework and Clinical Implications.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of growth hormone-releasing hormone analogues in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: mechanisms and preclinical evidence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- CYP2C19 intermediate and poor metabolizer statuses may be associated with coronary atherosclerosis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Monoamine oxidases are mediators of oxidative stress in human varicose Veins: interactions with obesity, inflammation, and angiotensin II.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Cholesterol-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictor of 1-Year Unplanned Readmission in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Association Between Systemic Inflammation Indices and Recurrence Risk in Primary Budd-Chiari Syndrome.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) is among the most common diseases in industrialized countries and has a significant socioeconomic impact. The diversity of clinical symptoms and manifestations of CVD pose major challenges in routine diagnosis and treatment. Despite the high prevalence and the huge number of venous surgical interventions performed every day, a substantial proportion of the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. There are several widely advocated and generally valid theories of "peri-capillary fibrin cuffs" and "white cell trapping hypothesis", which consider the role of venous reflux/obstruction, inflammation, vascular remodeling, hemodynamic changes, genetic and social risk factors. There are several specific provoking factors for the development of venous reflux: incompetence of the valve system, inflammation of the vascular wall, and venous hypertension. Over the past few years, increasing scientific data has demonstrated the link between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation. High levels of oxidants and persistent inflammation can cause cumulative changes in hemodynamics, resulting in permanent and irreversible damage to the microcirculation and endothelial cells. Production of reactive oxygen species and expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules are involved in a vicious cycle of venous wall remodeling. The interaction of ROS, and in particular, the superoxide anion radical, with nitric oxide leads to a decrease in NO bioavailability, followed by the initiation of prolonged vasoconstriction and hypoxia and impairment of vascular tone. This review addresses the role of ED, oxidative, and hemodynamic stress in the CVD mediation. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, we conducted a systematic review of published scientific articles using PubMed, PMC Europe, Scopus, WoS, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases in the interval from 24 April 2002 to 1 April 2025. The current review included studies (
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