Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40332237›Full record

SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2025

A Systematic Review of Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Venous Disease-Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Shear Stress.

Hristo Abrashev, Despina Abrasheva, Nadelin Nikolov, Julian Ananiev, Ekaterina Georgieva

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Is chronic venous disease a marker of systemic cardiovascular risk? A systematic review.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026
    Review
  2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
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  17. Combined Effects of Diosmin, Hesperidin,International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
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  19. Nursing Care Strategies for Varicose Veins: A Narrative Review.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hristo AbrashevDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0002-3581-8836
Despina AbrashevaII Department of Internal Medicine Therapy: Cardiology, Rheumatology, Hematology and Gastroenterology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Nadelin NikolovVascular Surgery Department, National Heart Hospital, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0003-1319-1611
Julian AnanievDepartment of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.
Ekaterina GeorgievaDepartment of General and Clinical Pathology, Forensic Medicine, Deontology and Dermatovenerology, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria.ORCID 0000-0003-0552-6266

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chronic venous disease (CVD) is among the most common diseases in industrialized countries and has a significant socioeconomic impact. The diversity of clinical symptoms and manifestations of CVD pose major challenges in routine diagnosis and treatment. Despite the high prevalence and the huge number of venous surgical interventions performed every day, a substantial proportion of the etiopathogenesis remains unclear. There are several widely advocated and generally valid theories of "peri-capillary fibrin cuffs" and "white cell trapping hypothesis", which consider the role of venous reflux/obstruction, inflammation, vascular remodeling, hemodynamic changes, genetic and social risk factors. There are several specific provoking factors for the development of venous reflux: incompetence of the valve system, inflammation of the vascular wall, and venous hypertension. Over the past few years, increasing scientific data has demonstrated the link between oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular inflammation. High levels of oxidants and persistent inflammation can cause cumulative changes in hemodynamics, resulting in permanent and irreversible damage to the microcirculation and endothelial cells. Production of reactive oxygen species and expression of inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules are involved in a vicious cycle of venous wall remodeling. The interaction of ROS, and in particular, the superoxide anion radical, with nitric oxide leads to a decrease in NO bioavailability, followed by the initiation of prolonged vasoconstriction and hypoxia and impairment of vascular tone. This review addresses the role of ED, oxidative, and hemodynamic stress in the CVD mediation. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, we conducted a systematic review of published scientific articles using PubMed, PMC Europe, Scopus, WoS, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases in the interval from 24 April 2002 to 1 April 2025. The current review included studies (

Indexed as

Endothelium, VascularInflammationOxidative StressVascular DiseasesAnimalsChronic DiseaseHumansReactive Oxygen SpeciesStress, MechanicalReactive Oxygen Specieschronic venous diseaseCVDendothelial dysfunctioninflammationoxidative stressreactive oxygen speciesshear stress

Identifiers

PMID40332237
PMCPMC12026777

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.