ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Allergen Immunotherapy: Pitfalls, Perks and Unexpected Allies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- GSTP1 expression mitigates endothelial dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy through regulation of oxidative stress: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing.Acta diabetologica · 2026Article
- Liposomal Delivery Systems for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: From Molecular Design to Clinical Application.Membranes · 2026Review
- Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Modifying the course of asthma: mechanisms and strategies for clinical remission.Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Oral Immunotherapy-Induced Changes in IgE, IgG, and IgA: A Review of Antibody Isotype Shifts and Their Clinical Relevance in Food Allergy.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The gut-eye axis in blinding eye diseases: microbiota-driven immune dysregulation and immunomodulatory therapies.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is a well-established treatment aimed at reducing allergen sensitivity by gradually exposing the immune system to increasing doses of allergens. This promotes desensitization and immune tolerance through multiple mechanisms. AIT offers long-term immune modulation and is considered a potentially curative certain forms of allergic diseases. Altered antibody responses is a key mechanism of AIT in the production of allergen-specific IgG4 antibodies, which act as blocking antibodies to prevent allergen binding to IgE on mast cells (MCs) and basophils. However, IgG4 responses are sometimes ineffective due to variations in antibody affinity and epitope targeting. Reverse class switching from IgE to IgG4 and selective depletion of IgE-producing B cells represent potential strategies to improve AIT efficacy. Tregs play a central role in AIT by suppressing Th2-driven allergic responses and promoting immune tolerance through anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. However, genetic and environmental factors may impair Treg function, leading to AIT failure. AIT reduces MC and basophil activation, leading to long-term suppression of allergic inflammation. It modulates IgE-FcεRI interactions and cytokine signaling pathways, but in some cases, anaphylactic reactions or resistance to MC desensitization may occur. Discussion and conclusions: While AIT is a highly effective allergy treatment, variability in immune responses can impact its success. Advances in biologic therapies offer potential synergies with AIT. Understanding these interactions will help refine AIT strategies and improve patient outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.