ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Associations Between GFAP, Aβ42/40 Ratio, and Perivascular Spaces and Cognitive Domains in Vascular Cognitive Impairment.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Gut Mucosal Barrier-Neuroinflammation Axis in Vascular Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Ischemia: A Narrative Review of Candidate Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Spatial coupling of enlarged perivascular spaces and white matter lesions across the Alzheimer's disease continuum.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Serum cystatin C levels are independently correlated with cognitive impairment in individuals with cerebral small vessel disease.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Association of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces With Early Serum and Neuroimaging Biomarkers of Alzheimer Disease Pathology.Neurology · 2025Article
- Association of white matter hyperintensity with systemic inflammation markers and cognitive assessments: a cross-sectional study via SHAP analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Improved functional outcomes and cost benefits of door-to-needle time under 30 min in acute ischemic stroke: an observational study.Frontiers in stroke · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Perivascular spaces (PVS) support metabolic clearance in the brain and are increasingly recognized as key contributors to dementia pathogenesis. Plasma-based biomarkers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the amyloid β42/40 (Aβ42/40) ratio, show promise in dementia diagnosis but remain understudied in vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). VCI, a major global cause of cognitive decline, may be more prevalent in Southeast Asia. Despite its impact, it is underdiagnosed compared to Alzheimer's, highlighting the need for early, reliable markers. This study aims to examine how these biomarkers relate to PVS burden and domain-specific cognitive outcomes in VCI. VCI was defined as global cognition as assessed by a Montreal Cognitive Assessment Score <26, along with the presence of confluent white matter hyperintensities (deep white matter hyperintensities score >2 or periventricular hyperintensities >3), and >1 lacuna. A total of 108 participants (mean age of 67.3 years, 51.9% female) were included. Multivariate ordinal regression assessed biomarker associations with PVS grade, adjusting for age and diastolic blood pressure. A Aβ42/40 ratio <0.05 and GFAP >54.1 pg/mL were used as biomarker thresholds to subgroup the participants, and the relationship between these thresholds and cognitive performance was analyzed. Elevated GFAP (
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