Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40331015›Full record

ArticlePhotoacoustics2025

Wavelength-time-division multiplexed fiber-optic sensor array for wide-field photoacoustic microscopy.

Wei Li, Xiaoxuan Zhong, Jie Huang, Xue Bai, Yizhi Liang, Linghao Cheng, Long Jin, Hao-Cheng Tang, Yinyan Lai, Bai-Ou Guan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Photoacoustics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Sensor Arrays: A Comprehensive Systematic Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wei LiGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Xiaoxuan ZhongGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Jie HuangGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Xue BaiGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Yizhi LiangGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Linghao ChengGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Long JinMOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, School of Optoelectronic Science & Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
Hao-Cheng TangDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
Yinyan LaiOtorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Bai-Ou GuanGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) faces a fundamental trade-off between detection sensitivity and field of view (FOV). While optical ultrasound sensors offer high-sensitivity unfocused detection, implementing multichannel detection remains challenging. Here, we present a wavelength-time-division multiplexed (WTDM) fiber-optic sensor array that assigns distinct wavelengths to individual sensors and employs varying-length delay fibers for temporal separation, enabling efficient multichannel detection through a single photodetector. Using a 4-element sensor array, we achieved an expanded FOV of 5 × 8 mm² while maintaining high temporal resolution (160 kHz A-line rate, 0.25 Hz frame rate) and microscopic spatial resolution (10.7 μm). The system's capabilities were validated through comparative monitoring of cerebral and intestinal hemodynamics in mice during hypercapnia challenge, revealing distinct temporal patterns with notably delayed recovery in cerebral vascular response compared to intestinal vasculature. This WTDM approach establishes a promising platform for large-field, high-speed photoacoustic imaging in biomedical applications.

Indexed as

Fiber-optic sensorsHemodynamic monitoringPhotoacoustic microscopyWavelength-time-division multiplexingWide-field imaging

Identifiers

PMID40331015
PMCPMC12051156

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.