ArticleCureus2025
Excessively Low Insulin Resistance May Increase the Risk of All-Cause Mortality Among Community-Dwelling Individuals Without Diabetes.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Background Epidemiological evidence has indicated that insulin resistance (IR), as measured by a homeostatic model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR), is strongly correlated with body mass index (BMI). However, there is a paucity of studies assessing the complex interaction between BMI and HOMA-IR with respect to all-cause mortality, particularly among Asian individuals without diabetes. Materials and methods The research centered on individuals diagnosed without diabetes, comprising 881 men with a mean age of 62 years (± standard deviation (SD): 14) and 1,159 women with a mean age of 64 years (± 11). The participants were drawn from the Nomura cohort study, consisting of two cohorts: one initiated in 2002 and the other in 2014. To assess the risk of all-cause mortality up to the end of the follow-up period, we applied a Cox proportional hazards model, adjusting for a range of covariates to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs). Results Participants were followed for a median duration of 7,691 days (interquartile range: 4,235-7,761 days). Over the course of the follow-up period, a total of 672 deaths were documented, comprising 338 deaths among men and 334 among women. The interaction between BMI and HOMA-IR (HR: 1.05; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-1.09) was significantly associated with all-cause mortality, along with gender, age, BMI, history of cardiovascular disease, hyperuricemia, and HOMA-IR. Moreover, the HRs for all-cause mortality were examined for each BMI group by dividing the HOMA-IR by one SD. In the BMI < 22.0 kg/m² group, using the third HOMA-IR as the reference, significant HR (J curve) increases were observed in the first, second, and fourth HOMA-IR. In the BMI ≥ 22.0 kg/m² group, using the first HOMA-IR as the reference, a significant increase in HR was observed only in the fourth HOMA-IR. An interaction between BMI and HOMA-IR was identified for all-cause mortality (p = 0.005). Conclusions BMI confounds the association between IR, as measured by HOMA-IR, and the risk of all-cause mortality among Japanese individuals.
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