ArticleFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2025
Comprehensive analysis of lactylation-related gene and immune microenvironment in atrial fibrillation.
Article in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated bioinformatics and clinical validation of oxidative stress-associated genes in atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Lysine lactylation-mediated post-translational modification: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic target exploration in tumour drug resistance.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- When metabolic enzymes meet lactylation: a bidirectional dialogue in health and disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Precision Profiling of the Cardiovascular Post-Translationally Modified Proteome.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Genetic Evidence Linking Lactylation-Related Gene Expression To Dementia Risk.Neuromolecular medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with an increased risk of stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Immune infiltration plays a crucial role in AF pathogenesis, yet its mechanisms remain unclear. Lactylation, a novel post-translational modification, has been implicated in immune regulation, but its association with AF remains unexplored. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between lactylation and immune infiltration in AF and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Methods: Gene expression data from left atrial tissue samples of AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE41177, GSE79768, GSE115574, GSE2240, GSE14975, and GSE128188). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between AF and SR samples were identified, followed by pathway enrichment and immune infiltration analysis. Correlation analysis and WGCNA were performed to assess interactions between lactylation-related genes and immune-associated DEGs. Machine learning models, including Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were applied to select potential AF-related diagnostic biomarkers, and validated in the animal model (beagles; Results: A total of 5,648 DEGs were identified, including six lactylation-related genes (DDX39A, ARID3A, TKT, NUP50, G6PD, and VCAN). Co-expression and WGCNA analyses identified lactylation- and immune-associated gene modules in AF. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted immune-related pathways such as T cell activation and neutrophil degranulation. A five-gene diagnostic model (FOXK1, JAM3, LOC100288798, MCM4, and RCAN1) achieved high predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.969 in training, 0.907 in self-test, and 0.950, 0.760, 0.890 in independent datasets). Experimental validation confirmed the upregulated expression of these biomarkers in AF. Conclusion: This study reveals a strong association between lactylation-related genes and immune infiltration in AF, suggesting their involvement in immune remodeling. The identified five-gene signature serves as a potential diagnostic biomarker set, offering novel insights into AF pathogenesis and contributing to improved diagnosis and targeted therapeutic strategies. Future studies integrating proteomic and single-cell analyses will further clarify the role of lactylation in AF.
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