Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40329918›Full record

ArticleNanomedicine (London, England)2025

Fabrication, characterization, and docking studies of furosemide-loaded nanosponges using the emulsion solvent diffusion method.

Rabia Liaqat, Fatima Rasool, Sobia Noreen, Nadia Rai, Ayesha Naseem, Muhammad Hamza Shoaib, Hassan Mahmood, Muhammad Azeem Ashraf

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nanomedicine (London, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rabia LiaqatDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fatima RasoolDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sobia NoreenDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-4407-6002
Nadia RaiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.
Ayesha NaseemDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Hamza ShoaibAllama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hassan MahmoodHumanities Department, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Punjab, Pakistan.
Muhammad Azeem AshrafDepartment of Supply Chain, University of Management and Technology Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThis study aimed to fabricate, characterize, and perform molecular docking of furosemide-loaded nanosponges (NSs) using the emulsion solvent diffusion method. MATERIAL AND

methodsSustained-release NS formulations of furosemide were developed using ethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and dichloromethane (DCM) via the emulsion solvent diffusion technique. The formulations were evaluated for production yield, actual drug content, entrapment efficiency, drug-polymer compatibility, surface morphology, docking study, and in vitro drug release.

resultsSEM images displayed the nanosized, spherical, porous, and spongy texture of furosemide NS. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed no drug-polymer incompatibility. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis indicated an amorphous state of furosemide, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) suggested drug-polymer complexation. In vitro studies demonstrated sustained drug release for up to 10 h. Molecular docking supported stable interactions between furosemide and polymers. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations further revealed adequate hydrogen bonding and diffusion behavior, confirming polymer composition-dependent release and structural stability.

conclusionThese findings indicate that furosemide-loaded NSs are a promising sustained-release delivery system capable of reducing dosing frequency and enhancing patient compliance.

Indexed as

FurosemideNanostructuresCalorimetry, Differential ScanningCelluloseDelayed-Action PreparationsDiffusionDrug CarriersDrug LiberationEmulsionsHumansMethylene ChlorideMolecular Docking SimulationMolecular Dynamics SimulationPolyvinyl AlcoholSolventsSpectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredCelluloseDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug CarriersEmulsionsethyl celluloseFurosemideMethylene ChloridePolyvinyl AlcoholSolventsFurosemidemolecular dockingnano-spongesnanotechnologysustained release

Identifiers

PMID40329918
PMCPMC12140477

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.