Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40329651›Full record

ReviewImmunotherapy2025

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a 2025 update.

Ilias Giannakodimos, Afroditi Ziogou, Alexios Giannakodimos, Konstantinos Tzelepis, Zisis Kratiras, Evangelos Fragkiadis, Ioannis Zachos, Vasileios Tzortzis, Michael Chrisofos, Nikolaos Charalampakis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Immunotherapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03520491 (A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Alone or in Combination With Ipilimumab for Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03520491 phase2active not recruitingnot on this map

A Pilot Study to Evaluate the Safety of Neoadjuvant Nivolumab Alone or in Combination With Ipilimumab for Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (CA209-9DJ)

TypeinterventionalSponsorMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterRan2018 to 2027Enrolled52ConditionsBladder CancerArmsNivolumab, Ipilimumab, Radical cystectomy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ilias GiannakodimosThird Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Afroditi ZiogouDepartment of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Alexios GiannakodimosDepartment of Cardiology, General Hospital of Tzaneio, Athens, Greece.
Konstantinos TzelepisDepartment of Urology, Geniko Kratiko Nikaias General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Zisis KratirasThird Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Evangelos FragkiadisDepartment of Urology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Ioannis ZachosDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Vasileios TzortzisDepartment of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Michael ChrisofosThird Department of Urology, Attikon University Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian, University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos CharalampakisDepartment of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Urothelial bladder cancer constitutes one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract, comprising 90-95% of urothelial carcinomas. Only 25% of patients present with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), a neoplasm associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Concerning localized MIBC, cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the standard neoadjuvant treatment; however, its survival benefits are limited, and its use is restricted to patients with adequate performance status and renal function. Current clinical guidelines recommend neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a first- or second-line option, especially for cisplatin-ineligible patients. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy or other immune checkpoint inhibitors is under active investigation. In the ABACUS trial, atezolizumab monotherapy achieved a 31% pathological complete response (pCR). The NCT03520491 trial showed a pCR rate of up to 46% with nivolumab and ipilimumab. The KCT0003804 trial, evaluating immunotherapy plus chemotherapy, reported a 59% pCR and 81.8% 1-year disease-free survival. This review provides an updated overview of clinical trials on neoadjuvant immunotherapy for MIBC, highlighting its therapeutic potential and safety.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyNeoadjuvant TherapyUrinary Bladder NeoplasmsClinical Trials as TopicHumansNeoplasm InvasivenessImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsbladderImmunotherapymuscle-invasive cancerneoadjuvant immunotherapyurinary tract

Identifiers

PMID40329651
PMCPMC12091938

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.