Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40329335›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2025

AXL promotes inflammatory breast cancer progression by regulating immunosuppressive macrophage polarization.

Lan T H Phi, Yating Cheng, Yohei Funakoshi, Francois Bertucci, Pascal Finetti, Steven J Van Laere, Fang Zou, James P Long, Suguru Ogata, Savitri Krishnamurthy and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Reprogramming the Immune Landscape of Inflammatory Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Lan T H Phi *Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Yating Cheng *Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Yohei Funakoshi *Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Francois BertucciLaboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Pascal FinettiLaboratoire d'Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Inserm, U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
Steven J Van LaereCenter for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Fang ZouDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
James P LongDepartment of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Suguru OgataCancer Biology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Savitri KrishnamurthyDepartment of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
James M ReubenDepartment of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Jason M FoulksSumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
Steven L WarnerSumitomo Pharma America, Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA.
Jennifer M RosenbluthDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Anil K SoodDepartment of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Debu TripathyDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Naoto T UenoDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. nueno@cc.hawaii.edu.
Xiaoping WangDepartment of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA. xiaopingwang@cc.hawaii.edu.

Funding

Development of a novel therapy targeting the tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancerR01CA258523 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI UENO, NAOTO T. · 2022 to 2025
$3.2M
Breast Cancer Research Foundation BCRF-23-164NCI NIH HHS R01 CA258523NIH HHS 1R01CA205043-01A1U.S. Department of Defense W81XWH-21-1-0559
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are key promoters of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), the most aggressive form of breast cancer. The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is highly expressed in various cancer types, including IBC, but its role in TAMs remains unexplored.

methodsWe examined the effects of AXL inhibitor TP-0903 on tumor growth and tumor microenvironment (TME) component M2 macrophages (CD206

resultsWe found that inhibiting the AXL pathway significantly reduced IBC tumor growth and decreased CD206

conclusionsAXL signaling promotes IBC growth by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and driving the secretion of immunosuppressive molecules and cytokines via STAT6 signaling, thereby contributing to an immunosuppressive TME. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of targeting AXL signaling as a novel therapeutic approach for IBC that warrants further investigation in clinical trials.

Indexed as

Inflammatory Breast NeoplasmsMacrophagesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesTumor-Associated MacrophagesAnimalsAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBenzocycloheptenesCell Line, TumorCell MovementCell ProliferationDisease ProgressionFemaleGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMacrophage ActivationAXL protein, humanAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBenzocycloheptenesProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Identifiers

PMID40329335
PMCPMC12057249

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.