Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40328960›Full record

ArticleArchives of osteoporosis2025

Prevalence and predictors of osteosarcopenia and relationship with physical functionality in rural and urban Indian women.

Gauri Bhat, Alex Ireland, Nikhil Shah, Ketan Gondhalekar, Anuradha Khadilkar

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Archives of osteoporosis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gauri BhatHirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
Alex IrelandResearch Centre for Musculoskeletal Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Nikhil ShahHirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
Ketan GondhalekarHirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India.
Anuradha KhadilkarHirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangir Hospital, Pune, 411001, Maharashtra, India. dr.anuradha.khadilkar@hcjmri.org.in.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Age-related bone and muscle impairments lead to osteoporosis and sarcopenia, and their coexistence, osteosarcopenia, causes functional decline but is less studied. We found higher prevalence of osteosarcopenia in rural (13.9%) vs urban women (1.6%), with risk factors including older age, low BMI, tobacco use, low protein, and low socioeconomic status.

backgroundWith ageing, bone and muscle impairment leading to osteoporosis and sarcopenia often co-exist, increasing risk of falls/fractures, physical disability, and premature mortality. Osteosarcopenia, where osteoporosis and sarcopenia co-exist, and its relationship with physical functionality in older adults is relatively less explored. Hence, we aimed to assess the prevalence, predictors, and physical functionality in urban and rural women with osteosarcopenia.

methodsWe included 397 women > 40 years (182 urban, 215 rural, mean age 52 ± 7) from Pune and nearby villages. Height, weight, BMI, bone density (lumbar spine, femur via DXA), grip strength (JAMAR dynamometer), and muscle function (SPPB) were assessed. Sarcopenia and osteoporosis were diagnosed using AWGS and WHO guidelines, with osteosarcopenia defined as both conditions. Lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity, tobacco use, socioeconomic status) were evaluated by validated questionnaire.

resultsRural women had higher rates of osteoporosis (42%), sarcopenia (19%), and osteosarcopenia (13.9%) compared to urban women (18%, 3.8%, and 1.6%, respectively). Sarcopenic women had nearly 6 times higher risk (OR = 6.2, 95%CI = 3.2-11.9, p = 0.001) of developing osteoporosis, with the risk remaining significant after adjusting for age and location. Osteosarcopenic women showed impaired physical function and lower bone density, with older age and low BMI as key risk factors.

conclusionRural Indian women showed high rates of osteosarcopenia, osteoporosis, and sarcopenia, with older, low-BMI, postmenopausal women at higher risk. Contributing factors included low socioeconomic status, tobacco use, and poor protein intake. Addressing modifiable risks is important to reduce frailty-related outcomes in rural population.

Indexed as

OsteoporosisRural PopulationSarcopeniaUrban PopulationAdultAgedBone DensityFemaleHand StrengthHumansIndiaMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsOsteosarcopeniaPhysical functionPrevalenceUrban–rural

Identifiers

PMID40328960

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.