ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2025
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: structure, viral entry and variants.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Severity of COVID-19 Omicron Variants: A Global Systematic Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Article
- Molecular Insights into High-Pathogenicity RNA Viruses.Viruses · 2026Review
- Functional and structural basis of Omicron BA.3.2.1 spike.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Host OTUB2 and viral PLpro stabilize NSP8 to promote SARS-CoV-2 replication.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- A Spike-Linked HPV16 E7 DNA Vaccine Induces Potent Antitumor and Anti-Spike Immune Responses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The crucial role of RIG-I in upregulating neutrophil CXCR2 expression through the MAPK signaling pathway in viral pneumonia.Respiratory research · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Maternal COVID-19 Infection Versus Vaccination on Mucosal Immunity in Breastmilk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Structural basis for sarbecovirus Rc-o319 spike adaptation to Rhinolophus cornutus Bat ACE2 and constraints on switching to human ACE2.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike reshapes antigenic hierarchy and antibody targeting against conserved and occluded epitopes.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The Effects of Past COVID-19 and Vaccination on Antibody Levels, Cellular Immunity, and Cytokine Production by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- In silico design of a novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine candidate for BtHKU5-CoV-2 using immunoinformatics.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Effects of Respiratory Vaccines in Older Adults with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Scoping Review.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A pH-driven receptor switch from ACE2 to NPC1 enables endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2.Research square · 2026Article
- Coronavirus genome packaging and nucleocapsid assembly.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- A novel fusion protein of COVID-19 virus enhancing protection of Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Dissecting the Interaction Domains of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein and Human RNA Helicase DDX3X and Search for Potential Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a devastating global pandemic for 4 years and is now an endemic disease. With the emergence of new viral variants, COVID-19 is a continuing threat to public health despite the wide availability of vaccines. The virus-encoded trimeric spike protein (S protein) mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and also induces strong immune responses, making it an important target for development of therapeutics and vaccines. In this Review, we summarize our latest understanding of the structure and function of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein, the molecular mechanism of viral entry and the emergence of new variants, and we discuss their implications for development of S protein-related intervention strategies.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.