Trial reportScientific reports2025
Aquatic exercise versus standard care on paraspinal muscle morphology and function in chronic low back pain patients: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Aquatic therapy compared to standard care for chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.Pain management · 2026Trial
- Spinal Muscle Health in Chronic Low Back Pain: An Integrated Narrative Review of Muscle Quality, Function, and Clinical Implications.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The effect of a multimodal exercise program on paraspinal muscle morphology and clinical outcomes in chronic low back pain.Isokinetics and exercise science · 2026Article
- Effects of aquatic therapy vs. standard care on gluteal muscle morphology and function in individuals with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Study on the effect of aquatic exercise combined with hot spring bathing for patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Lumbar paraspinal muscles in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain and the effect of exercise: comparative and interventional study.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a disabling disease and a public health concern. Aquatic exercise is an alternative form of exercise with less spinal loading and difficulty performing movements, benefiting those with pain-related fear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an aquatic exercise program (SwimEx) versus standard care (SC) on lumbar paraspinal muscle volume and composition, strength and patient outcomes in individuals with chronic LBP. This randomized controlled trial included 34 participants with chronic LBP. Participants were randomly allocated to each group (SwimEx, n = 18; SC, n = 16) and underwent a 10-week supervised intervention program twice per week. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at baseline and 10-weeks to examine the impact of each intervention on multifidus (MF) and erector spinae (ES) muscle volume (cm
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Registered trials
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