Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40328823›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Scalable and durable module-sized artificial leaf with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 10.

Dharmesh Hansora, Rashmi Mehrotra, Eunseo Noh, Jin Wook Yoo, Minkyung Kim, Woo Jin Byun, Jaewang Park, Ji-Wook Jang, Sang Il Seok, Jae Sung Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Photocorrosion, Protection, and Predictive Design in Solar Water Splitting.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  2. Lead Halide Perovskite Photoelectrocatalysis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Dharmesh Hansora *School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3928-1773
Rashmi Mehrotra *School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-7753
Eunseo Noh *School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-4389
Jin Wook YooSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
Minkyung KimSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
Woo Jin ByunSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7120-0040
Jaewang ParkSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
Ji-Wook JangSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea. jiwjang@unist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-1011
Sang Il SeokSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea. seoksi@unist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9976-6628
Jae Sung LeeSchool of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea. jlee1234@unist.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6432-9073

Funding

National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) NRF-2019M1A2A2065612National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) NRF-2022H1D3A3A01081140
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

An artificial leaf mimicking the function of a natural leaf has recently attracted significant attention due to its minimal space requirement and low cost compared to wired photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic-electrochemical systems for solar hydrogen production. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a practical-size solar water-splitting device that can fulfill the criteria of a solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency above 10%, long-term durability, and scalability. Here, we develop 1 cm

Identifiers

PMID40328823
PMCPMC12056055

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.