ArticleNPJ breast cancer2025
Breastfeeding attributable fraction of triple negative breast cancer in the US.
Article in NPJ breast cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity-related Metabolic Dysfunction and Triple-negative Breast Cancer: Epidemiologic Signals, Mechanistic Pathways, and Opportunities for Prevention.Current obesity reports · 2026Review
- Association of cumulative lifetime estrogen exposure and reproductive factors with breast cancer molecular subtype among Nigerian women in the MEND study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- RISE UP for breast cancer 2024: conference highlights & takeaways.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Review
- Triple-negative breast cancer, pregnancy, and HLA alloreactivity: a cause for concern?Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Breastfeeding: Protective Effects Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and the Role of the Breast Microbiota.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Rates of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are higher in Black women than in non-Hispanic White women. Breastfeeding duration and younger age at first birth are known risk factors for TNBC and vary by race. To quantify the contribution of these risk factors to disparities in TNBC, we calculated the population-attributable fraction (PAF). A PubMed search was performed to identify relevant studies and pooled odds ratios for breastfeeding for < 6 months and age at first birth < 25 years were calculated. PAF was calculated using the Levin formula. PAF of breastfeeding for < 6 months was 12% (95% confidence interval (CI) 5-20%) among White women and 15% (95%CI 3-26%) among Black women. We estimate that up to 15% of annual new TNBC in Black women and 12% in White women might be avoided by supporting breastfeeding. Policies supporting breastfeeding could hence reduce TNBC incidence and lessen racial disparities.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.