Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40328077›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025

Using a loose-leaf vaporizer to study tobacco-cannabis co-administration: A proof-of-concept study.

Gideon St Helen, Christopher Havel, Newton Addo, Nickole Criner, Peyton Jacob, Neal Benowitz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Interpol review of forensic drug chemistry, 2022-2025.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2026
    Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Gideon St HelenResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address: Gideon.Sthelen@ucsf.edu.
Christopher HavelResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Newton AddoResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Nickole CrinerResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Peyton JacobResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Neal BenowitzResearch Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

UCSF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE INSTITUTEUL1RR024131 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JOHNSTON, S. CLAIBORNE · 2006 to 2011
$111.2M
Research Support CoreP30DA012393 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JACOB, PEYTON, JONES, REESE T. · 1999 to 2024
$17.1M
Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic CigarettesR01DA039264 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BENOWITZ, NEAL L · 2015 to 2021
$4.5M
NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NIDA NIH HHS P30 DA012393NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA039264
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe examined differences in Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and nicotine intake, pharmacokinetics, subjective and physiologic effects from use of cannabis only, tobacco only, and a mixture of cannabis and tobacco using a PAX-3 vaporizer.

methodsEight (7M, 1F) healthy adults who use both cannabis and tobacco participated in a 3-arm, within-subject study. Participants were administered 3 standardized puffs of cannabis only, tobacco only, or a 50-50 mixture with a PAX-3. Blood was collected and questionnaires were administered before and after the last puff.

resultsAverage maximum plasma THC concentration (C

conclusionVaping cannabis and tobacco together leads to greater exposure to THC and nicotine than the substances by themselves. Despite differences in THC exposure, subjective effects and heart rate were not different between the mixture and cannabis only, indicating potential attenuation of THC-related effects by nicotine.

Indexed as

CannabisDronabinolNebulizers and VaporizersNicotineVapingAdministration, InhalationAdultFemaleHeart RateHumansMaleProof of Concept StudyYoung AdultDronabinolNicotineCannabisCo-administrationCo-usePharmacologyTobacco

Identifiers

PMID40328077
PMCPMC13532546

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.