Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40325517›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

A 14-year influenza reinfection surveillance in Chongqing, China: A retrospective analysis.

Ju Wang, Yu Xiong, Baisong Li, Jule Yang, Dayong Xiao, Xiaoqing Fu, Jiang Long, Li Qi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ju WangDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.
Yu XiongDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.
Baisong LiDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.
Jule YangDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.
Dayong XiaoDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.
Xiaoqing FuSchool of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
Jiang LongDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.ORCID 0009-0009-6397-4949
Li QiDepartment of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chongqing Academy of Preventive Medicine), Chongqing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1854-6744

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Influenza poses a significant medical burden and has the potential to cause global pandemics. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza reinfections and identify factors associated with an increased risk of reinfection, we analyzed influenza data from 2010 to 2023 obtained from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting Information System in Chongqing, China. The Andersen-Gill model was used to evaluate the association between demographic characteristics and the risk of reinfection. A total of 676,811.47 person-years were observed, with a median time to reinfection of 9.40 months. The log-rank test revealed significant differences in reinfection probability by sex, age, occupation, and residence (

Indexed as

Epidemiological MonitoringInfluenza, HumanReinfectionAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overChildChild, PreschoolChinaFemaleHumansInfantMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesEpidemiologyinfluenza virusrecurrencereinfectionrepeated infection

Identifiers

PMID40325517
PMCPMC12064051

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.