Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40325424›Full record

Trial reportChiropractic & manual therapies2025

Barriers and facilitators to self-management in people with back-related leg pain: a qualitative secondary analysis.

Anna-Marie L Ziegler, Don Thorpe, Douglas Kennedy, Craig Schulz, Stacie A Salsbury, Gert Bronfort, Roni Evans

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialPragmatic Clinical Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Chiropractic & manual therapies, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Anna-Marie L ZieglerIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA. anna-marie.ziegler@va.gov.
Don ThorpeIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
Douglas KennedyIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
Craig SchulzIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
Stacie A SalsburyPalmer Center for Chiropractic Research, Palmer College of Chiropractic, 741 Brady Street, Davenport, IA, 52803, USA.
Gert BronfortIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.
Roni EvansIntegrative Health and Wellbeing Research Program Earl E. Bakken Center for Spirituality & Healing, University of Minnesota, Mayo Memorial Building C504, 420 Delaware Street, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA.

Funding

Chiropractic Care for Veterans: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial Addressing Dose Effects for cLBPUH3AT009761 · NCCIH · PALMER COLLEGE OF CHIROPRACTIC · PI GOERTZ, CHRISTINE MARIE, LONG, CYNTHIA R · 2019 to 2024
$7.2M
NCCIH NIH HHS UH3 AT009761NIH/NCCIH administrative supplement 3UH3AT009761-04S2
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBack related leg pain (BRLP) is a problematic subset of low back pain, leading to greater pain, loss of function and health related care costs. While evidence suggests self-management is effective, patient implementation can be sub-optimal. The purpose of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators to self-management for persons experiencing BRLP within the context of a controlled clinical trial and to map these to theory-informed intervention elements that can be addressed by front-line healthcare providers, informing the design and implementation of future theory-driven self-management interventions for this population.

methodsThis study was a qualitative secondary analysis of a 2-site, pragmatic, parallel group, randomized clinical trial (participants enrolled 2007-10) of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) and home exercise and advice (HEA) compared to HEA alone for persons with subacute or chronic BRLP. We used deductive and inductive content analysis, to describe self-management facilitators and barriers among trial participants, map these to behavior change elements in the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) Framework, and identify potentially modifiable, theory-intervention elements which may be addressed with guidance by healthcare providers. Baseline characteristics of participants were descriptively analyzed using SAS (University Edition).

resultsOf 40 participants, the majority identified as white (n = 24, 85%) and of non-Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (n = 38, 95%). Average participant age was 57 years old (range 29-80). Frequent facilitators included ease of exercises, knowing how to manage condition, atmosphere created by staff, therapeutic alliance, effectiveness of exercises or treatment, goal of reducing pain, and intentions of continuing exercises. Frequent barriers included time constraints, pain, and lacking confidence in treatment. Barriers were mapped to all 9 Intervention Functions, most common being modelling and education. Frequently identified Behavior Change Techniques included information, feedback, self-monitoring, graded tasks, restructuring, social support, goal setting, reviewing goals, and action planning.

conclusionThis study identified barriers and facilitators to engaging in self-management for participants in a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial. A rigorous systematic intervention mapping process utilizing the BCW was used for describing what participants need and how their needs may be met. These findings may support the design of future self-management interventions for persons experiencing BRLP.

Indexed as

LegLow Back PainSelf-ManagementAdultAgedExercise TherapyFemaleHumansMaleManipulation, SpinalMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchBack painBehavior changeSelf-managementSpinal manipulation

Identifiers

PMID40325424
PMCPMC12054131

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.