Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40325142›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Ionic optimization of engineered water for enhanced oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs: A case study.

Ali Madadizadeh, Mohaddeseh Ahmadi Aghdam, Alireza Sadeghein, Shahab Hosseini, Siavash Riahi, Saeid Saviz

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Ali MadadizadehInstitute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohaddeseh Ahmadi AghdamInstitute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Alireza SadegheinInstitute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Shahab HosseiniInstitute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Siavash RiahiInstitute of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Riahi@ut.ac.ir.
Saeid SavizPetroleum Engineering and Development Company (PEDEC), Tehran, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

As oil reservoir pressure diminishes with production, technology for efficient oil recovery becomes imperative. Water flooding emerges as a proven method to restore reservoir pressure, emphasizing the critical role of water composition. This study explores the ionic impact of engineered water on oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. Through contact angle, interfacial tension, and core flooding experiments, seawater with double sulfate ion concentration (SW2S) performs best, altering wettability and reducing IFT via sulfate-driven ionic interactions. SW2S caused the IFT to change by -5.63, altered the contact angle by 65.72, and increased oil recovery with the added benefit of promoting emulsion formation, particularly in the S-1 crude oil system, where it achieved the oil recovery by 10.27%. Results reveal the influence of crude oil components on water composition effectiveness, with resin and asphaltene playing key roles. The study emphasizes considering crude oil characteristics when selecting optimal water compositions, proposing a combination of sulfate, magnesium, and calcium ions to enhance oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. This research provides crucial insights into the ionic effects of engineered water, emphasizing the significance of reservoir and crude oil specifics in water composition optimization.

Indexed as

Carbonate reservoirsCore floodingEngineered waterEnhancing oil recoveryIonic effectsWater flooding

Identifiers

PMID40325142
PMCPMC12053587

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.