SynthesisBone & joint research2025
Growth differentiation factor 15 as a potential diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis : a systematic review.
Synthesis in Bone & joint research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Kaempferol suppresses fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit to inhibit ferroptosis resistance.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Growth differentiation factor 15: from stress response to clinical utility in chronic liver diseases.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- The Effect of Thyroid Function on GDF15 Levels.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- GDF-15 Levels in Gouty Arthritis and Correlations with Decreasing Renal Function: A Clinical Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Aims: This systematic review aimed to investigate the association between growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity, explore the differences at the genetic level, and evaluate the value of GDF-15 in diagnosing RA. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase on 23 August 2023. Methodological quality was independently assessed by using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale. The primary parameters analyzed were the serum GDF-15 concentration, disease activity, and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Results: A total of 469 documents were retrieved, and five clinical studies were ultimately included. In the included studies, GDF-15 serum levels were found to be notably greater in RA patients than in healthy individuals, and these levels exhibited a positive correlation with disease severity. Furthermore, increased GDF-15 serum levels were associated with specific gene variations in RA patients, but varied according to ethnicity. In two included studies, GDF-15 showed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity for highly active RA, demonstrating its utility as a diagnostic biomarker of RA. Conclusion: GDF-15 expression is increased in RA patients and is associated with disease activity; thus, GDF-15 is potentially an effective diagnostic biomarker for RA. However, additional high-quality studies, especially randomized controlled trials and cohort studies with follow-up data, are needed to assess the role of GDF-15 in RA.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.