Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40324693›Full record

ArticleAppetite2025

High satiety: Evaluating determinants of energy compensation and intake in multiple preloading studies.

Barbara J Rolls, Liane S Roe, Paige M Cunningham, Kathleen L Keller, Faris M Zuraikat

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Appetite, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Barbara J RollsDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Electronic address: bjr4@psu.edu.
Liane S RoeDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Paige M CunninghamDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Kathleen L KellerDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, College of Agricultural Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Faris M ZuraikatInstitute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

Environmental Influences on Intake and ObesityR01DK059853 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI ROLLS, BARBARA JEAN · 2001 to 2014
$5.0M
FACTORS AFFECTING CALORIC REGULATION IN HUMAN FEEDINGR37DK039177 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI ROLLS, BARBARA JEAN · 1997 to 2007
$2.9M
Characterizing resilience to food-cue induced overeating in childrenR01DK126050 · NIDDK · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE · PI KELLER, KATHLEEN L · 2021 to 2024
$2.3M
SLEAP: a Sleep ancillary to the Long-term Effectiveness of the Anti-obesity medication Phentermine trialR01HL173190 · NHLBI · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI Faris Michael Zuraikat · 2024 to 2026
$1.8M
NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL173190NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK059853NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK126050NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK039177
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Effects of food properties on satiety can be evaluated by having individuals consume a compulsory first-course preload before an ad libitum test meal. One measure of satiety is energy compensation, which can be quantified as total meal energy intake (preload + test meal) expressed as a percentage of an individual's energy intake at a no-preload control meal. In this secondary analysis, we evaluated characteristics of preloads, test meals, and participants that predict energy compensation, in order to inform methods for satiety assessment. We combined data from 13 preloading studies comprising weighed intakes from 1757 preload meals across 511 participants. The results showed that energy compensation was positively influenced by preload energy and energy density, and negatively influenced by preload weight (all p < 0.0001). Energy compensation was not, however, affected by characteristics of the test meal or the participants. The strongest predictor of energy compensation was the energy content of the preload relative to an individual's control meal energy intake, which explained 32 % of the variability in the outcome. Complete energy compensation was observed when preload energy averaged 27 % of control meal intake. The finding that relative preload energy was the strongest predictor of compensation underscores the importance of including a control condition in preloading studies. This allows researchers to focus on the effects of preload properties by adjusting for any influential characteristics of the test meal and participants. Understanding predictors of energy compensation can be used to improve methods for satiety assessment and to facilitate interpretation of findings from preloading studies.

Indexed as

Energy IntakeSatiationSatiety ResponseAdolescentAdultEatingFemaleHumansMaleMealsMiddle AgedYoung AdultEating behaviorEnergy compensationEnergy intakeFood intake regulationPreloadSatiety

Identifiers

PMID40324693
PMCPMC12186735

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.