ArticleBone2025
Comparison of the bone remodeling in the midpalatal suture during maxillary expansion between young and middle-aged mice.
Article in Bone, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Targeting Gli1Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Maxillary expansion is a common orthodontic procedure for treating maxillary transverse deficiency. However, the cell responses to mechanical force may vary across different age groups, suggesting the need for age-specific treatment protocols. To compare the age-related responses to the mechanical force, we examined the 6-week- and 12-month-old mice undergoing maxillary expansion with 0.012-in. stainless steel orthodontic wire bonded to the maxillary first and second molars (25 g force). Mice were euthanized on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 for analysis. MicroCT analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain, and immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry stain using antibodies to RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gli1 and Ki67 along with the TUNEL assay, were conducted to evaluate suture width, osteoclast activity, new bone formation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and apoptosis. Both 6-week- and 12-month-old mice exhibited successful midpalatal suture opening, but young mice demonstrated earlier and more intense osteoclast activity, along with higher expression of RUNX2 and ALP. Young mice also exhibited a higher percentage of Gli1+Ki67+ immunopositive cells, while middle-aged mice showed a higher percentage of Gli1+TUNEL+ positive cells on day 3 after maxillary expansion. Our findings suggest that aging negatively impacts mechanical force-induced bone remodeling by reducing osteoclastogenesis, osteogenesis, and MSC proliferation while increasing MSC apoptosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.