ReviewImmunity2025
Glymphatics and meningeal lymphatics unlock the brain-immune code.
Review in Immunity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shared genetic architecture between DTI-ALPS traits and neurodegenerative diseases.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Ebola virus persistence and the hidden cost of immune privilege.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- The meningeal lymphatic vessel-peripheral immune axis: a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Exploring the significance of IgM expression in the lymphatic system during breast cancer progression.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as immune modulators in aging and age-related chronic inflammatory diseases.Ageing research reviews · 2026Review
- Individualized DTI-ALPS Identifies Phase-Specific Glymphatic Dysfunction in Early-Stage Bipolar Disorder.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The functional role of glial cells in the pathologic brain as reviewed by Alois Alzheimer in 1910.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2026Article
- Targeting immune cells in the aged brain reveals that engineered cytokine IL-10 enhances neurogenesis and improves cognition.Immunity · 2026Article
- The Aging Meninges: Anatomical and Immunological Remodeling as Emerging Diagnostic Biomarkers of Cerebral Senescence-A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The brain's immune code: decoding antigen presentation at the meningeal-glymphatic interface in neurological disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond AQP-4: convergent glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic dysfunction underlying multifactorial migraine pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Aquaporin dysfunction and impaired brain interstitial fluid clearance in Alzheimer's disease - an integrative review.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Meningeal macrophages regulate fibroblasts to influence meningeal lymphatic function following traumatic brain injury.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Spilling the T: T cells in tauopathy mechanisms, disease progression, and therapeutic horizons.Molecular neurodegeneration advances · 2026Review
- Innate immune signalling, neuroinflammation and network plasticity in temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Long COVID as Neuroimmune Disorders.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- Glymphatic-meningeal lymphatic system imbalance: a peripheral-to-central inflammatory bridge in perioperative neurocognitive disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Synergy of radiotherapy, focused ultrasound, and immunotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Review
- Noradrenergic Slow Vasomotion: The Hidden Fluid Pump Linking Sleep, Brain Clearance, and Dementia Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) was once perceived as entirely shielded from the immune system, protected behind the blood-brain barrier and thought to lack lymphatic drainage. However, recent evidence has challenged many dogmas in neuroimmunology. Indeed, by means of glymphatics, brain-derived "waste" from deep within the CNS mobilizes toward immunologically active brain borders, where meningeal lymphatic vessels are appropriately positioned to drain antigens from the brain to the periphery. Accordingly, the presentation of brain-derived self-peptides emerges at the brain's borders and drives T cell responses with suppressive properties, critical in allowing active immunosurveillance while limiting aberrant immune reactivity. Taking into consideration these concepts, we further discuss how inflammation, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases potentially reshape the repertoire of self-antigens and immune cells, disrupting the healthy dialogue between the CNS and immune system. Collectively, this evolving perspective unveils new therapeutic avenues for CNS pathologies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.