ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2025
Genesis and Spread of Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Genotype EA-2023-DG Reassortant, Western Europe.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modeling and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry using network disease dynamics.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Article
- Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses into the High Arctic: Svalbard and Jan Mayen, 2022-2025.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Emergence of novel highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in slender-billed gulls (Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Germany as a key transit hub for the emergence and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortants in Europe.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Determination of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus Persistence Following a 2024 Backyard Poultry Outbreak in Romania.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Universal amplification and sequencing of foot-and-mouth disease virus complete genomes using nanopore technology.BMC genomics · 2025Article
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31 authors.
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Abstract
In Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus circulates in avian wildlife, undergoing frequent reassortment, sporadic introductions in domestic birds, and spillover to mammals. An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortant, EA-2023-DG, affecting wild and domestic birds was detected in western Europe in November 2023. Six of its RNA segments came from the EA-2021-AB genotype, but the polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments originated from low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses. Discrete phylogeographic analyses of concatenated genomes and single polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic segments suggested reassortment in summer 2023 near the southwestern Baltic Sea. Subsequent continuous phylogeographic analysis of all concatenated EA-2023-DG genomes highlighted circulation in northwestern Europe until June 2024 and long-distance dispersal toward France, Norway, England, Slovakia, Switzerland, and Austria. Those results illustrate the value of phylodynamic approaches to investigate emergence of novel avian influenza virus variants, trace their subsequent dispersal history, and provide vital clues for informing outbreak prevention and intervention policies.
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