Acute neuromuscular fatigue, hormonal responses, and recovery in males during high-volume resistance exercises: Smith machine back squat vs horizontal leg press.

Johanna Kotikangas, Simon Walker, Keijo Häkkinen, Heikki Peltonen

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

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0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Back squat and deadlift fatiguing protocols elicit distinct countermovement jump profiles: phase-specific predictors and soreness responses.British medical bulletin · 2026
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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Johanna KotikangasBiology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland. johanna.m.kotikangas@jyu.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2019-3375

Simon WalkerBiology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6804-0741

Keijo HäkkinenBiology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.

Heikki PeltonenBiology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5470-7752

Funding

Emil Aaltosen Säätiö 210079 O

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study compared acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses and recovery in males during resistance exercises performed in Smith machine back squat (SQ) and horizontal leg press (LP).

methodsTwelve healthy, physically active men performed SQ and LP loadings consisting of 5 sets at ten-repetition maximum. Maximal bilateral isometric force and sEMG activity of quadriceps femoris over 500 ms (MIVC

resultsTotal work performed was significantly higher during SQ than LP ( 43.0 ± 5.2 kJ vs. 29.1 ± 3.1 kJ, p < 0.001). All blood-based parameters increased significantly during both loadings (p < 0.01). COR and GH were significantly higher at MID, POST, and POST30, and BL at MID during SQ than LP (p < 0.05). Neuromuscular variables decreased significantly from PRE to POST during both loadings (p < 0.05), with an interaction observed in MIVC

conclusionSQ may provide a more potent stimulus for metabolic and hormonal responses during high-volume resistance exercise, at least partly due to the greater total work performed. Nevertheless, fatigue induced within the quadriceps femoris was similar between SQ and LP.

Indexed as

Muscle FatigueResistance TrainingAdultCreatine KinaseHuman Growth HormoneHumansHydrocortisoneIsometric ContractionLactic AcidLegMaleMuscle, SkeletalQuadriceps MuscleTestosteroneYoung AdultCreatine KinaseHuman Growth HormoneHydrocortisoneLactic AcidTestosteroneEndocrine systemExercise recoveryExercise selectionNeuromuscular performancePeripheral fatigueStrength training

Identifiers

PMID40323412

DOI10.1007/s00421-025-05793-3

PMCPMC12479625

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.