ReviewEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2025
The virulence toolkit of Staphylococcus aureus: a comprehensive review of toxin diversity, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications.
Review in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phytochemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Bacterial Pathogens Isolated From Livestock Wound Infections.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Article
- High-Throughput Characterization of Human Fibroblast Responses to a Panel ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Biofilm Exoproteins From Staphylococcus Species Impede Re-Epithelialization of Nasal Epithelial Cells During Wound Healing and Cease Ciliary Beat Frequency.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2026Article
- Combating multidrug-resistant pathogens, breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) using biofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Staphylococcus aureus-vascular endothelium interactions: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Host-Pathogen Interaction as a Driver of Cellular Senescence: Microbial Triggers and Host Response.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- N-sulfonylated indole hydrazone hybrid targeting Staphylococcus aureus with compelling antibiofilm and membrane-disrupting properties.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- StaphSCAN: a genomic surveillance framework for Staphylococcus aureus.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- CutaneousInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Staphylococcus aureus derived extracellular vesicles modulate osteoblast-like cell immune responses independently of vesicle internalization.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interplay between enterotoxigenicity, antimicrobial resistance, and persistence mechanisms in Staphylococcus spp. across different origins.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Global burden of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus lower respiratory tract infections in older adults: a secondary analysis of the MICROBE database (1990-2021).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Natural Products and Antimicrobial Nanoparticles Against Methicillin-ResistantPharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Host soluble plasma factors increase dual-species Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans biofilm biomass without enhancing stress tolerance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Controlling Staphylococcus aureus skin infections by targeting biofilm and virulence properties using FDA-approved antiseptics and skin care products.Folia microbiologica · 2026Article
- Arresting the Activity of Bacterial β-Barrel Pore-Forming Toxins by Cysteine Insertion Mutagenesis in the Homologous Region.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Inhibitory activity of silver nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus growth and α-hemolysin gene expression.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene patterns ofEuropean journal of translational myology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis review examines the pathogenic mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus, emphasizing its toxin-driven virulence factors, including pore-forming toxins, exfoliative toxins, and superantigens.
methodsThis paper was conducted using the available literature (PubMed/MEDLINE/Google Scholar and books written by experts in pharmacology and infectious diseases).
resultsToxins are crucial in promoting tissue invasion, immune system evasion, and the development of systemic diseases. Notably, the qualitative and quantitative expression of these toxins influences the clinical presentation and severity of S. aureus infections. The paper explores toxins' role in S. aureus pathogenesis and clinical manifestations as well as current and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting these toxins, including antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, and anti-inflammatory treatments. Additionally, it highlights the potential of novel inhibitors and vaccines to neutralize specific toxins and prevent toxin-mediated diseases.
conclusionBy combining antimicrobial therapies with approaches that neutralize toxins and modulate the immune response, clinicians can improve outcomes in patients affected by S. aureus infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.