ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2026
Self-reported shoulder pain assessment in adults with spinal cord injury who use a manual wheelchair: A scoping review.
Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Psychometric properties and validation of the Polish version of the wheelchair user's shoulder pain index.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextFor individuals living with spinal cord injury (SCI), a deep understanding of their shoulder pain experience is crucial to guide equipment prescription/design, mobility training, exercise, recreation, and pain education. Standardization in pain assessment methods is necessary for cross-study comparisons and meta-analyses. No previous studies describe the spectrum of shoulder pain assessment measures applied to adults with SCI who use MWCs for mobility.
objectiveThis scoping review aimed to determine the measurement instruments and methods of shoulder pain assessment used in peer-reviewed, published literature in studies focused on individuals with SCI who use MWCs.
methodsA literature search was performed using multiple databases on February 23, 2023. Data extraction elements included study design type, inclusion/exclusion criteria, sample size, and pain measurement instrument. Participant characteristics were also extracted including age, sex, time since SCI, level of SCI, and MWC use.
resultsThis scoping review identified over 20 instruments used in 133 studies that focused on reported shoulder pain in studies of this population. Thirty percent of the studies performed shoulder pain assessment for more than one purpose (screening, baseline, outcome), and 56% used more than one assessment measurement. The Wheelchair Users Shoulder Pain Index was the most commonly used instrument.
conclusionAn in-depth understanding of pain requires measurement within a biopsychosocial framework and likely involves multiple instruments. Overall, investigators are challenged to select valid, reliable instruments that fulfill the demands of study design and questions of interest. Guiding questions are provided to assist investigators in their choice of pain instruments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.