Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40323225›Full record

ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2025

Longitudinal assessment of immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 booster immunization and breakthrough infection in blood donors: A multicenter study from 2021 to 2023.

Ying Yan, Shana Halemubieke, Baifeng Shan, Lei Zhao, Youbin Duan, Yifang Wang, Mingrui Wu, Xiaoxiao Bu, Quaner Wang, Le Chang and 10 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Ying YanNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Shana HalemubiekeNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Baifeng ShanDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Taiyuan Blood Center, Taiyuan, Shanxi, P.R. China.
Lei ZhaoDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Henan Blood Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
Youbin DuanDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Yunnan Blood Center, Kunming, Yunnan, P.R. China.
Yifang WangDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Henan Blood Center, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
Mingrui WuDepartment of Blood Quality Management, Sanmenxia Blood Center, Sanmenxia, Henan, P.R. China.
Xiaoxiao BuDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Quaner WangDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Le ChangNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Huimin JiNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Huizhen SunNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.
Yang LiuDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Peng SunDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China.
Ying LiuDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China.
Lin WangDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China.
Chuanbao LiDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Libo ZhangDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Nanjing Red Cross Blood Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Xuelian DengDepartment of Blood Screening Laboratory, Dalian Blood Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China.
Lunan WangNational Center for Clinical Laboratories, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, P.R. China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Assessing immune responses across diverse populations is essential for refining public health strategies. Blood donors offer valuable insights into community-level immunity. This study aims to investigate immune responses associated with inactivated COVID-19 booster immunization and breakthrough infections in blood donors. This study was conducted in a cohort of blood donors from six centers across five of China's seven major geographical regions, spanning from December 2021 to February 2023. Blood samples were collected before booster vaccination, at 1, 3, and 6 months post-vaccination, as well as 1 month post-infection. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, T cell specific IFNγ levels, and neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and Omicron strains were measured. Platelet count, anti-PF4 antibody, and D-dimer levels were assessed. Demographic characteristics were analyzed to determine their impact on immunogenicity. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and IFNγ levels significantly increased post-booster, peaking one month after immunization. Antibodies continued to decrease at six months, while IFNγ levels remained stable at this point. Pseudovirus neutralization assays revealed elevated neutralizing antibodies following the booster dose, with minimal response to the XBB.1.5 variant. Following Omicron infection, antibody and IFNγ levels surpassed that observed post-booster. Participants aged 36-49 and those over 50 exhibited weaker immune responses post-booster than those ages 18-35, while those with BMI above 28 showed lower IFNγ levels. This study demonstrates the utility of blood donor samples for tracking immunization effectiveness against emerging pathogens, and highlights enhanced immune responses after booster immunization and breakthrough infections, underscoring the need for tailored vaccination strategies for different groups.

Indexed as

Blood DonorsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesImmunization, SecondaryImmunogenicity, VaccineSARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBreakthrough InfectionsChinaFemaleHumansInterferon-gammaLongitudinal StudiesAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19 VaccinesInterferon-gammaVaccines, InactivatedBlood donorbreakthrough infectionCOVID-19 boosterD-dimerSARS-CoV-2 antibody

Identifiers

PMID40323225
PMCPMC12054371

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.